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The Church at Work 
in College and University 



By REV. PAUL MICOU, B.D. 

Secretary of the Department of Collegiate Education 
of the General Board of Religious Education 



Put forth by 

The National Student Council 
of the Episcopal Church 



Pro Christo per Ecclesiam 



MOREHOUSE PUBLISHING CO. 

MILWAUKEE, WIS. 

1919 



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COPYRIGHT BY THE 

MOREHOUSE PUBLISHING. CO. 
1919 



©aA5L5094 



m -2 1919 



PEEFACE 

A general survey of the student field is the only 
way to bring to all the vision of the greatness and the 
glory and the far-reaching results to the Church of 
work in behalf of students. This book is the first 
attempt that has been made to set forth between two 
covers the Church's whole duty to her young men and 
women at college. Like all pioneer treatises it has 
defects. It will be for the good of the cause if con- 
structive criticisms are sent to the writer. The con- 
clusions of this book are not final, for student work is 
too new to be as yet beyond the experimental stage. 

It is rhetorically awkward in the English language 
to include men and women in the same sentence. The 
repetition of the words ^^men and women students", 
or the pronouns 'Tie and she" in all their cases, is 
unpleasant to the eye and ear. Consequently the 
reader must in most cases consider the pronoun to be 
generic and the word "student" to cover both men 
and women. 

The same kind of difficulty arises in regard to the 
references to college Church workers. The term 
"clergyman in the college community" must be in- 
terpreted as including, when appropriate, curates, 
deaconesses, parish visitors, and interested faculty 
people. All who minister to college Churchmen in 



The Church at Work in College and University 

any capacity are expected to find for themselves their 
share of the task as they read. 

To leave no doubt as to which is meant in each 
ease the word Church is spelt with a capital when the 
Church catholic or national is meant, and with a small 
initial letter when the reference is to the local church 
or parish. 

All methods of work here set forth are not pos- 
sible in each college community. This obvious re- 
mark is made lest some readers despair of their ability 
to carry out the programme suggested. When all is 
done which is possible by way of organization and 
methods of work, the supreme necessity may yet re- 
main of awakening the consciences and inspiring the 
devotion of the students, lest in machinery and mere 
activity they fail to find the Lord, in whose Name 
the work is being done. 

Paul Micou. 

New York City, February 11, 1919. 



VI 



TABLE OF CO:NtTE^TS 

PREFACE V 

Chapteb I — Retrospect and Prospect in Church 

Student Work 1 

Chapteb II — The Student's Social Life and Meet- 
ings 13 

Chapteb III — Church Student Organizations . . 22 

Chapteb IV— The Student's Worship .... 36 

Chapteb V — The Student's Religious Education . 47 

Chapteb VI — The Student and Church Extension 

and Christian Unity .... 63 

Chapteb VII — The Student's Service in Church and 

Community 72 

Chapteb VIII — Guiding the Student's Life Purposes 83 

Chapteb IX — The Place of the Faculty in Student 

Work 104 

Chapteb X — Responsibility of the Church in a 

College Community 117 

Chapteb XI — Responsibility of the Home Parish 

for its Students 128 

Chapteb XII — Help from the Outside for the Col- 

^ lege Worker 133 

Chapteb XIII — The Church's Responsibility for her 

Students from Other Lands . . 149 

Chapteb XIV— Church Colleges 169 

vii 



The Church at Work in College and Universitjf 

APPENDIX I— The National Student Council of the 

Episcopal Church 186 

II — ^Agencies at Work in the Student Field 190 
III — Conferences between the Agencies at 

Work in the University Field . . 195 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 201 

INDEX 212 



vui 



CHAPTER I 

Retrospect and Prospect in Church Student Worlc 

The Church and American education 

To-day in America official recognition of religion 
is the exception rather than the rule. The Church 
must come to the edge of the campus and call her 
children away from their dormitories and fraternity 
houses, if they are to worship and receive the Sacra- 
ments. Instead of religion being an integral part of 
education, as it once was, it has now been largely put 
on one side, as if it were a thing by itself with which 
education need not be concerned. 

This is a picture of American education as a 
whole. It is not by any means true of all its parts. 
Many colleges and universities have chapels and con- 
duct regular worship. Other colleges, and the number 
is very large, are under the control of some 
Church, and have the worship and religious education 
customary in that communion. 

The Church in the early days of American education 

This is not a picture of the early days of American 
education, for if we call the roll of the oldest colleges 
we find that their names at once suggest honored 
leaders of the colonial Churches, and from that day 

1 



The Church at Work in College and University 

to this religious worsMp has held a place of honor 
in Harvard, William and Mary, Yale, Princeton, 
Washington and Lee, Pennsylvania, Columbia, Brown, 
Rutgers, and Dartmouth. The pity is that the newer 
universities, especially the great state institutions, 
did not copy the example of their elder sisters. 

The Church and recent educational tendencies 

The missionary zeal of the various Churches as 
they pushed westward led to the founding of the small 
colleges which we know to-day as "denominational 
colleges^'. There are more than three hundred of 
them, though many have lost a distinctively sectarian 
tone. Later on came the founding of the state edu- 
cational institutions, universities, agricultural and 
mechanical colleges, normal and technological schools. 
These number over two hundred. A smaller group 
is made up of more or less privately founded profes- 
sional schools, chiefly medical and technological. The 
latest tendency seems to be for cities to found muni- 
cipal colleges. These last three groups are wholly 
non-sectarian in character. The majority, however, 
recognize Christianity to the extent of fostering 
voluntary Christian organizations. 

The distinctive feature of modern Church student work 

It is these voluntary student religious organiza- 
tions which are characteristic of modern Church work 
in colleges and universities. There has never been 
anything in the past like it, although we know of 
many movements which began in voluntary associa- 
tions of college men, as, for instance, the Methodist, 

2 



Retrospect and Prospect in Church Student Work 

Oxford, and modern missionary movements. But 
that nearly every college has a band of earnest young 
people striving to uphold the cause of religion, often 
in spite of official apathy, is a unique phenomenon. 
And the tragedy of it is that the Church left these 
young people alone for so long a time that a new 
religious brotherhood, the Young Men^s Christian 
Association, stepped into the breach to do the work 
the Church was not doing. In these latter days the 
various Churches are trying to redeem their past, and 
Church Boards of Education are striving to shepherd 
their own flocks in the colleges. 

An immense and complex problem 

The problem is immense. Figures compiled before 
the War for our own communion showed that about 
seventeen thousand Episcopalians, men and women, 
were students in the institutions of higher learning. 
Most of these were studying away from home, and 
the busy lives they were leading tended to make them 
forgetful of the Church, unless her clergy sought 
them out. 

The problem is also complex. The students are 
of many kinds : academic, graduate, professional, and 
normal. They live in dormitories or private homes, 
and are often scattered through a great city in board- 
ing houses. College life is so varied and peculiar 
that ministering to them is quite different from ordi- 
nary pastoral work. Church workers in colleges ought 
to be especially trained for this ministration, or 
at least be qualified for it by an experience of their 
own which covered all phases of college life. 



The Church at Work in College and University^ 
The kind of worker needed 

Unusual men and women are needed for this work. 
The Christian religion must be persuasively and 
attractively set forth as worthy of the loyal allegiance 
of trained minds. Christian truth must be so pre- 
sented from the pulpit and the teacher^s chair as to 
win men and women accustomed during the week to 
listen to specialists in the lecture halls. Helpful 
religious and moral influences must be thrown about 
the students in their peculiar environment. These 
things can be done only by a man of strong personal- 
ity. The Church must send her best clergy to the 
college communities, for there is no more influential 
work than that of guiding the future leaders of 
Church and state during the most formative period 
of their spiritual development. 

History of the student work of the Episcopal Church 

The story of the work of the Episcopal Church 
for her students is soon told. In most colleges and 
universities at one time or another our students have 
formed societies or clubs, the success of which was 
largely determined by the leadership they received. 
The next chapter will tell something of the great 
variety of organizations which has resulted by a 
process of evolution. 

The Church Students' IVIissionary Association 

The only attempt to bring these societies into 
one organization was when the Church Students' 
Missionary Association was organized in 1888. This 



Retrospect and Prospect in Church Student Work 

was in the days when great missionary interest was 
being manifested in the college world. The Student 
Volunteer Movement had just been established, and 
the Interseminary Missionary Alliance was stirring 
the theological students. The C. S. M. A. did a 
great work for twenty years, and to it we owe many 
of our strongest missionaries. This Association main- 
tained a traveling Secretary and held annual conven- 
tions. Its ultimate dissolution seems to have been 
due to many causes. The Student Volunteer Move- 
ment had been growing in power and usefulness, and 
its conventions and conferences seemed to be accom- 
plishing the same purpose as those of the C. S. M. A. 
The Association also failed largely because it tried 
to bind into one organization schools, colleges, and 
theological seminaries. Possibly it set before the 
students too narrow and formal a type of local organ- 
ization. The scope of student religious work had 
widened, the study of the Bible was being promoted, 
and the note of social service was being struck. 
Church students were doing more than the C. S. M. A. 
called for, and it seemed to hamper them. 

The Board of Missions 

The essential work of the C. S. M. A. was not, 
however, given up. The Board of Missions took the 
mantle from the leaders of the Association and in 
1908 appointed the Eev. John J. Gravatt a member 
of the staff to travel through the colleges. This he 
did for two years. Since then there has been no full 
time Secretary for men students. From then to the 
present the Board of Missions has had a Secretary 

5 



The Church at Work in College and University 

for candidate work among women students. Deaconess 
H. E. Goodwin. 

The General Board of Religious Education 

Since 1910 student work has received the attention 
of the General Board of Eeligious Education, created 
by the General Convention at that time. The De- 
partment of Collegiate Education of this Board was 
first directed by the Eev. Stanley S. Kilbourne. He 
was concerned, during his two years of office, over 
the question of a national Church society for the 
colleges, but he never saw his way clear toward organ- 
izing one. He states that he found no great desire 
for it among our students. There was much confer- 
ence and general discussion about such a society, and 
from time to time the Church press contained letters 
advocating it. After a year during which the Depart- 
ment had no Secretary, the Eev. Paul Micou entered 
on the duties of that position in September, 1917. 

In any account of our Church's work among 
students, mention must be made of the faithful care 
of the New England students by Mr. Eobert H. 
Gardiner. For years he summoned the men students 
of New England to meet in annual session, and was 
their presiding officer. While these meetings did not 
lead to a general organization, they did form links 
from year to year, their resolutions were of consid- 
erable value, and their officers had a certain degree 
of authority in dealing with the college societies. A 
similar, but not so elaborate, conference has been held 
annually for New England women students at Trinity 
Church, Boston. 



Retrospect and Prospect in Church Student Work 
The Social Service Commission 

There is one more general Church agency which 
has an interest in the student field, namely, the Joint 
Commission on Social Service. During the first few 
years of the Commission's work its secretary made 
a beginning in establishing relations with college 
Church students, but it was found impracticable by 
reason of other more urgent demands to carry on this 
work effectively. It is only too apparent, however, 
that more must be done if we are to train leaders 
for the Church's social work. 

Conferences of Ciiurcli Workers 

In February, 1917, the General Board of Eeligious 
Education called together in Chicago the first of two 
conferences of Churchmen working among college 
students, to the number of twenty clergy from college 
towns, two professors, and five Bishops and general 
educational officers. The deliberations of this very 
representative group were of the utmost importance, 
and there will be many references in this book to 
its findings. There was a general desire expressed 
at that time for a national college society, but the 
problems attending its creation were so numerous 
that the matter was referred to a committee. This 
committee reported to the second conference, a year 
later, in favor of "a rather loose and elastic organ- 
ization, which will not duplicate machinery, run up 
additional expense, or interfere with present local 
organizations", but would be ^^a growth from the 
facts of the situation, rather than a theoretical pro- 

7 



The Church at Work in College and Universii\f 

gramme, and should therefore be tentative rather than 
final in its form". 

How the National Student Council came into being 

One more link in the chain of events should be 
recorded. The Collegiate Department of the General 
Board of Religions Education has a group of coun- 
cilors who work with the Department. Among these 
councilors are Secretaries of the Board of Missions 
and at least one person who can speak for the Joint 
Commission on Social Service. The Department and 
its councilors were summoned to meet at the General 
Board^s offices, April 30, 1918, prior to the second 
College Workers' Conference. At least three ideas 
which found their way into the constitution of "The 
National Student Council" had their birth then, 
namely, (1) the method of effectively uniting the 
Board of Missions, the General Board of Religious 
Education, and the Joint Commission on Social Serv- 
ice in a council to advise about their college work; 

(2) the idea of leaving the students absolutely 
free in their method of local organization, provided 

(3) they would agree to carry out a "minimum 
programme". 

The Council owes its being, however, to the second 
Conference of Episcopal College Workers, which met 
May 21-24, 1918, at Howe School, Indiana. This 
conference was even more representative than the 
first one. Twenty-four of the most important 
universities and agricultural colleges from Harvard to 
Tulane, from North Dakota to North Carolina, and 
from Colorado to Princeton were represented. One 

8 



Retrospect and Prospect in Church Student Work 

Bishop and several Board Secretaries were also 
present. 

Interest centered about the report of the committee 
on a national college society, and several sessions were 
given over to the matter. The committee recom- 
mended that a national student organization be 
formed at the conference. The suggestions of the 
meeting of the Collegiate Department on April 30 
were the center of final action. Three further con- 
tributions were made by the College "Workers' Con- 
ference, namely, (1) the fivefold division of the 
"minimum programme", (2) the election of members 
to represent the Provinces, and (3) the democratic 
control of student work by providing that three- 
fourths of the membership of the Council should be 
the actual workers in the colleges in the three classes 
of students, professors, and clergy working in colleges. 
The name, "N'ational Student Council of the Episco- 
pal Church", is also due to this Conference.* 

The National Student Council and the 
college Church society 

The Council is practically a board of strategy to 
present a united plan and to direct student work in 
the name of the entire Church. The chief point to 
be noted here is the relation of the Council to the 
college societies. The basic idea of this relationship 
is quite novel, namely, that the Council is less in- 
terested in the type of organization than it is in the 

* The Constitution and Rules of Organization of the 
Council are given in Appendix I. 



The Church at Work in College and University 

work done. It sets forth, therefore, not a model con- 
stitution, but a "minimum programme". It will recog- 
nize as a "Unit" of the Council any organization 
which carries out the programme. It withdraws this 
recognition from any organization which for two 
successive years ceases to work effectively along these 
lines. As this programme is only a minimum, there 
is every incentive to growth and increased activity. 
Thus local control and initiative are fuUy safe- 
guarded. Some existing societies may have to en- 
large their aims, but if they can carry out the 
programme they need not change their organizations. 

The Council's programme for the college societies 

The programme is thus stated by the Constitution 
of the Council : 

This minimum programme shall be regular activi- 
ties in (1) worship, (2) religious education, (3) 
Church extension, (4) service, and (5) meetings to 
promote the forementioned objects, as follows: 

(1) Worship: The Unit shall make provision 

for attendance at a Church service once a 
week, which, if possible, shall be the Holy 
Communion, and shall also make provision 
for a monthly , Corporate Communion. 

(2) Religious Education: The Unit shall make 

provision for religious education under 
Church auspices at least during Advent and 
Lent. 

(3) Church Extension: The Unit shall under- 
• take to extend the Church both in the 

10 



Retrospect and Prospect in Church Student Work 

college and throughout the world by per- 
sonal prayer, work, and contributions. 

(4) Service: The Unit shall provide opportu- 

nities for personal service in the Church and 
in the community. 

(5) Meetings: At least four meetings of the 

IJnit shall be held each year. 

Each year the Council will interpret the minimum 
programme, suggesting the best methods of work, the 
standard books for religious education, the goal for 
missionary endeavor, etc. To certain of these lines 
of work, which have been developed in the past, we 
turn our attention in the succeeding chapters. 

The suggestion is made to the reader that he make 
note in what follows of things which are already being 
done in the college and parish in which he is in- 
terested, and of those which are possible but not yet 
attempted ; or in pigeon English "do, can do, and no 
can". This will give to the reading of the book a 
very practical interest. 

A new era in student work 

That a new era has come in student work through 
the creation of this Council is generally recognized by 
those who have had experience with Church work in 
colleges. Bishop Lloyd, the President of the Board 
of Missions, who knows all the efforts to direct and 
organize college work in the past, has the following 
to say of the present movement : 

"It is generally known that in all the colleges for 
men and women there are organizations of young 

II 



The Church at Work in College and University 

Churchinen who desire to be found faithful. Hither- 
to these have been of small practical value, not for 
lack of fine material or high purpose, but because they 
have had no practical end to attain. Every one con- 
cerned was living a life full of interest and positive 
value. To attend religious meetings no doubt was a 
good thing to do, but it seemed painfully like walking 
solemnly in a circle. Naturally red-blooded men and 
women get tired of such exercise and they stop. Now 
we are glad to announce that a conference of men con- 
cerned with college life has conceived a plan by which 
the devout aspirations of thoughtful young people 
can be met with suggestions by which their organiza- 
tions may be made available to produce results of 
practical value. Means will be brought within their 
reach through which they may learn what is involved 
in being a member of the Body of Christ; what one 
bearing such relation should know; why such an one 
cannot use his life for his own purposes; what that 
work is which depends on Christians for its successful 
performance." 



12 



CHAPTER II 

The 8tudenfs Social Life and Meetings 

Discovering tlie Churchmen 

The first step in working with college students is 
to find out who are Churchmen. This is by no means 
easy, unless the college authorities take a religious 
census, or the Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. have some means 
of having cards filled out. One of the greatest serv- 
ices rendered by the Association is the ascertaining of 
the Church connections of the freshmen.* In the 
smaller colleges, especially those under denomina- 
tional control, the college authorities themselves re- 
quire this information. However obtained, it usually 
states the Church preference of the individual, and 
whether he or she is actually a member of some relig- 
ious body. Of course, this is not quite in the form 
we would wish, but the important thing is to get the 
names first, and ascertain later who are baptized and 
confirmed. One other source of knowledge will, we 
trust, be more and more available to the college 
worker, namely, lists and letters from the clergy of 

* Hereafter the word "Association'* will be used as a 
convenient abbreviation of Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. when both 
are meant, or when the reference is obviously to either 
separately. 

13 



The Church at Work in College and Universit\f 

the students' homes. This will be fully discussed in 
a later chapter. Suffice it here to say that if such 
information is obtained before college opens a letter 
sent to the entering student in the summer by the 
rector in the college community or by one of the 
Church student committee is of immeasurable value 
in winning him for the Church. Everything depends 
on first impressions. 

Early approach to the freshman 

The rush of the opening days of college precludes 
using them for planning. The work should be 
planned in May, and certain Church students should 
pledge that they will return to college ahead of others, 
so as to greet the freshmen. It is important that the 
names be obtained at the earliest possible moment 
and church notices or other information be mailed to 
the new students. This must be followed by visits, 
in which the efforts of the rector should be supple- 
mented by a student committee and the Churchmen 
on the faculty. Where the number of new students 
is very large, a well-printed letter of welcome might 
be mailed to them, for it would be physically im- 
possible to see all personally in the early days of the 
session. For the first few Sundays it should be the 
duty of some students to accompany freshmen to 
church and introduce them to the rector. A strong 
student committee is a necessity in this freshmen 
work. 

It will be hard for the Church to make her voice 
heard by the new student unless she speaks in the 
early days of the session. Few periods in life are as 

14 



The Student's Social Life and Meetings 

crowded with new experiences and unexpected prob- 
lems as the first week in college. Eegistration is 
often elaborate, involving interviews with professors 
or faculty advisers; old friends are greeted or new 
ones made ; one^s room has to be furnished and books 
bought; Association receptions and freshmen meet- 
ings must be attended so that the college traditions 
may be learned; fraternity rushing may take up the 
time of some ; athletic teams clamor for new recruits ; 
and last and often least class work begins, when to 
the student's bewilderment the school method of reci- 
tation gives place to the university custom of lectures. 
It is all so different from home that the Church is 
forgotten. Even if the freshman has come from a 
Church preparatory school and feels no homesick- 
ness, the Church does not find a place in his con- 
sciousness. At school the chapel Services were cen- 
tral, at the university they are wholly absent, or if 
held are likely to be more like a college meeting than 
worship. A well-printed notice on paper displaying 
the names of the church, the rector, and the student 
organization or committee, may do some good, but 
the only really effective way of arresting the fresh- 
man's attention is for someone representing the 
Church to call on him and, if he is willing, make 
an engagement to go with him to church the next 
Sunday. If he worships as usual that first Sunday 
he will probably continue in fairly regular attendance. 
As soon as the meetings which crowd the opening days 
of college are over, a reception to the Churchmen in 
college should be held by the parish. The freshman 
has by this time acquired the habit of going to func- 

15 



The Church at Work in College and Universit}f 

tions of which he is the center, whereas if the recep- 
tion is postponed, he will have become shy and claim 
to be "husf\ 

The impressions of the first Services in church 
are important. The rector and his assistants should 
be at the door to meet the new students, and the whole 
congregation should show a welcome and good-will. 
When notices are given some reference should be made 
to the connection between the parish and the college, 
and special prayers for students should be used. 

Church advertising 

Church advertising plays an important part in 
work with students. The church should have a page 
in the Association "Freshman Handbook", with a 
half-tone of the church building. This will catch 
the eye whenever the pages are turned. Space should 
be taken for the entire academic year in the college 
weekly, or once a week in the college daily, if there is 
one. The make-up of this page should be varied each 
week. Often the hours of Services and other such 
information can be subordinated to some statement 
about the Church. The secret of this advertising is 
to suggest to the reader that he has a spiritual need 
that the Church can supply. A question, with the 
suggestion that the answer can be found in the 
Church, is a stimulating form of advertising. It must 
not be forgotten that others beside Episcopalians read 
these advertisements. Some hungry soul with no 
spiritual home may be turned toward the Church by 
seeing his special need stated vsdth the promise of 
satisfaction. Church advertising should be dignified, 

16 



The Studenfs Social Life and Meetings 

but not too formal and monotonous. Signs that 
never change, cards yellow with dirt on bulletin 
boards, and unvaried advertisements in the college 
paper are usually not read more than once. Such 
lack of interest in the advertiser reacts unfavorably 
on the students, who are alert and clever in advertis- 
ing their own college enterprises. 

Meetings 

One of the first questions to arise in discussing 
the programme of Church work for students is the 
nature and number of meetings. The overcrowded 
schedule of the average college must be taken into 
consideration. Students who make desirable leaders 
are already at the head of so many activities that they 
hesitate to assume responsibility in Church work. It 
is wise, then, to see that no meeting is held simply 
for the sake of meeting. There should be an objective 
for each, so that it will be felt to have been worth 
while. 

Meetings of Church clubs or societies should do 
more than entertain. If they are stimulating, con- 
ducted with enthusiasm and promptitude, they will 
be well and regularly attended. But if they drag, 
their attendance will surely drop to the faithful few 
who have an unusually strong sense of duty. If 
business is unfinished it had better be left to a com- 
mittee, rather than for the entire society to be held 
to thrash out details. Most meetings should be con- 
ducted by students, and in every way the sense of 
democracy should be fostered. It is as disastrous for 
the members of the society to feel that they are under 

17 



The Church at Work in College and University^ 

the dictation of one or two over-zealons students, as 
to feel that the clergyman in charge is presuming on 
his position to run affairs in his own way. 

Place of meetings 

One comment is necessary about the place of meet- 
ings. It should be as near the center of student 
population as possible. While we may reasonably 
expect students to go some distance to church for 
worship, it is hardly right to take their time to go far 
to meetings or social gatherings in a parish house. 
Many of the newer colleges and universities are built 
in the suburbs of cities. Trolley service may be in- 
frequent, and with many students even carfare is an 
important item of expense. Under such circum- 
stances meetings should be held in some suitable 
building on the campus, or at a professor's house. 
Many Church student societies have solved the prob- 
lem of time and place of meeting by reserving a room 
in a restaurant, eating a "dutch" supper together, and 
meeting in the same room afterward. If this is not 
too frequent, it is not a financial burden. Or, if the 
ladies of the parish prepare a simple supper, students 
will go some distance to a parish house without a feel- 
ing that they are losing time. Meetings at meal 
hours, however, rule out students who earn their way 
by waiting on tables. In the case of city colleges, 
with a large proportion of commuters, a luncheon 
meeting is about the only way of getting a majority 
of the Churchmen together. 

Most of the modern girls' dormitories are provided 
with cafeterias with rooms or alcoves for smaU meet- 

18 



The Students Social Life and Meetings 

ings, or with kitchens and pantries adjoining the 
social rooms. These could easily be made use of for 
luncheon or supper meetings. 

Nature of meetings 

The purposes for which the students are organized 
will determine the nature of the meetings, and 
whether they are for both men and women or for 
each group separately. It would seem that the 
minimum number of meetings during a college year, 
consistent with efficiency, would be, one of a social 
nature at the beginning of the year, one at the time 
of the Bishop's visitation, and two which would com- 
bine business with a helpful talk or conference. 
Probably others will be found necessary when Secre- 
taries of the Church's Boards or Church leaders of 
note visit the college. Those meetings which consist 
chiefly of religious discussion or conference are 
treated in Chapter Y which deals with religious 
education. 

It is very necessary that the faculty be interested 
in the meetings and that a goodly number of them 
attend. This gives stability to the work and digni- 
fies the Church in the eyes of the students. But 
both the faculty and the clergy should avoid any 
appearance of running the meeting. Student initia- 
tive and responsibility must be safeguarded. 

The social side of worl< witii students 

The entertainment of students is a very difficult 
problem. It can easily be overdone and defeat its 
own good intentions. Most students fight shy of too 

19 



The Church at Work in College and University 

much formal entertaimnent, just as, on the other 
hand, they miss the social contact with their church 
if nothing is done for them. It largely depends on 
the amount of social life in the college. Our Church 
students have usually quite a facility for '"making'' 
fraternities and sororities, where social life abounds. 
They will then share but little in church functions. 
However, there are always a number who do not 
"make" fraternities, and the church should try to 
furnish for them the social life they are missing. 

Some meetings of the Church society should take 
on the nature of socials, at least at the opening of the 
college year, and perhaps on the occasion of the visit 
of the Bishop, whom the Church students ought to 
meet personally. In some sections of the country 
and especially in co-educational colleges, picnics and 
outings are of special value. As the evening draws 
on and the camp fire dies down, the crowd is in a 
mood for a more serious word about life's problems 
and the Church. 

Entertaining students 

In addition to these corporate efforts at associa- 
tion and entertainment, students should be made at 
home by the clergy and the faculty and any of the 
congregation who are genuinely interested in student 
life. These glimpses of home life mean a great deal 
to students. It is true that they are proverbially 
careless about "party calls", but they are not ungrate- 
ful. Without this attention from his elders many a 
student goes through college without establishing a 
single wholesome relationship in the neighborhood. 

20 



The Student's Social Life and Meetings 

By such means a Church enviromnent is thrown 
about the student, and Church life and worship is 
not a sphere apart from other college interests. The 
coolness which our churches so often display, and 
which repels students as quickly as any other 
strangers, would soon disappear as members of the 
parish greeted the students they had met socially. 
Even the students who had as yet made no friends in 
the community would feel the friendly atmosphere. 



21 



CHAPTEE III 
Church Student Organizations 
Is organization desirable? 

One of the first questions to arise in Churcli 
student work is whether an organization is desirable. 
Practically all workers would claim that it is, though 
the machinery should be reduced to a minimum. 
Considering the multiplicity of college organizations 
it is a pity that another should be needed for Church 
work. Yet, if students are to have any voice in their 
Church affairs, or are to have any share in Church life 
other than worship, they need to have a medium of 
corporate action. 

Types of organization now existing 

The first thing that strikes one in studying Epis- 
copal student work is the great variety of societies 
which have sprung up to meet local conditions. Pos- 
sibly a reason for this is to be found in the fact that 
there is no general young people's society in our 
Church such as exists in other communions. If there 
were, its chapters would be established in colleges, and 
a familiar method of work would await our students 
on going to college. Some of the general Church 
societies have reached into the colleges, but the 

22 



Church Student Organizations 

parochial character of these organizations has, as a 
rule, prevented their adaptation to college life. 

Parochial organizations witli branches in the colleges 

The organization of this type most generally met 
with in the colleges is the Brotherhood of St. An- 
drew. Sometimes it is the only Church society for 
the men students, as at the University of North 
Carolina, and sometimes it is the nucleus of a larger 
club, which meets less frequently, and includes all 
the Episcopalians, as at the University of Virginia. 
A college chapter of the Brotherhood quickly finds 
itseK engaged in many kinds of work that are not 
generally part of its functions in a parish. Conse- 
quently it would seem to do its best work in a college 
as a sort of inner circle of a larger, all-embracing 
club. In some sections of the countn^ there are op- 
portunities for much mission, Sunday school, and 
lay-reading work for the students. A Brotherhood 
chapter manages this type of work much better than 
a committee of a larger organization. In any case a 
student who has had Brotherhood experience before 
coming to college will prove a valuable worker. Hence 
all parish chapters should without fail report their 
members who go to college to the clergyman in ttie 
college community, even though their records show 
no college chapter. The student, thus reported, wiU 
be given ample work to do along the lines to which 
he has been accustomed. 

A few years ago there were a number of chapters 
of the Daughters of the King in the colleges, but to- 
day few exist. The Girls' Friendly Society has some 

23 



The Church at Work in College and University 

college chapters, as for instance at the University of 
Arizona. The Woman's Auxiliary does not maintain 
separate college branches. It sometimes happens 
that an effort is made to draw college men and women 
into the clubs, guilds, societies, or Auxiliaries of a 
parish. There is a genuine desire on the part of the 
Church people to include the students in the parish 
activities, and theoretically the plan is good. But 
practically it does not succeed. The interests of the 
society are parochial, those of the students are col- 
legiate. The things talked about and planned for are 
not pertinent to college life. The townspeople say 
the student is not responsive, and is careless about his 
duties, but this is largely due to the tasks assigned 
him being unrelated to his college life. On the whole 
experience would seem to show that the students do 
their best work when they have a society of their own, 
which busies itself with campus problems and helps 
in the work of the Church at large. 

Organizations peculiar to colleges 

The Church student organizations most generally 
met with bear the names of St. Paul's Societies and 
St. Hilda's Guilds. There is no intercollegiate or- 
ganization of either of these groups of societies, nor 
is there much similarity between the societies of the 
same name in different colleges, unless one is founded 
in imitation of another. A few years ago an effort 
was made to standardize the aims and rules of the 
St. Hilda's Guilds in New England, but not a great 
deal was accomplished. 

Sometimes the student society takes the name of 

- 24 



Church Student Organizations 

the church in the college community, as for instance 
the St. Mark's Society at the University of California. 
Occasionally the organization has a name inherited 
from the past, as for instance the Berkeley Associa- 
tion at Yale, though the modern ways of conducting 
the society may differ widely from those of its 
founders. Other societies follow the simple methods 
of calling themselves the Episcopal Club, as at 
Syracuse University, or the Churchmen's Association, 
as at Columbia. Still others adopt names which are 
descriptive of their chief duties, as the Altar Society 
of Wells College, or the Chapel Club of the Uni- 
versity of Illinois. Others are named after well- 
known Churchmen, as the Seabury Society, the men's 
organization at Northwestern University. 

In most cases the men and the women are organ- 
ized separately. However, at the University of Wis- 
consin there is a general organization, called the St. 
Francis Society, which includes both men and women. 
This society embraces as many subordinate guilds 
as there are types of work to be done, such as lay- 
reading, choir, altar, serving, entertainment, religious 
education, social service, etc. The council, or exec- 
utive committee, is made up of the chairmen of the 
guilds, and meets weekly. The entire society meets 
once a month. 

There are some unique forms of organization 
which fall under no general classification. At the 
Virginia Military Institute there is a "vestry", which 
is modelled after a parish vestry, though it has no 
temporal affairs to handle. At the University of 
Kansas a few years ago the rector of Trinity Church, 

25 



The Church at Work in College and University 

Lawrence, organized the students along military lines. 
He issued his requests and notices to captains, who 
passed them on to a larger nmnber of lieutenants, and 
so on, until every Churchman had been told by word 
of mouth what was under way. There are instances, 
as at Winthrop College, of a large Sunday school 
class serving as the organization for Church work 
among the Episcopalians. 

The closest and most exclusive type of organiza- 
tion is the Church fraternity. The most recent ex- 
ample of this was the Alpha Theta Epsilon of the 
University of "Washington, which had hardly been 
established when war conditions caused it to be dis- 
continued. This fraternity did not claim to be the 
agent of the Church at the university in the work for 
all the Churchmen. It was as much a fraternity as 
any other in the university. It has happened in the 
past that the dwellers in a Church house at a uni- 
versity have formed themselves into a local fraternity, 
but they have usually applied to a national Greek 
letter fraternity for a charter, and given up their 
Church home and connections. But the Alpha Theta 
Epsilon was rooted in the Church and had a Churchly 
ritual. 

Episcopal Committees of tlie Christian Associations 

It sometimes happens that the college Y. M. or 
Y. W. C. A. is organized along Church lines, with a 
committee for each important denomination. At the 
University of Pennsylvania, where this type of organ- 
ization has been perfected, there are secretaries on 
the employed staff who are ministers of the various 

26 



Church Student Organizations 

commuiiions. Consequently the Episcopal committee 
of the Association is the organization of the Church 
students.* All the Churchmen are invited from time 
to time to special meetings, Services, and socials. In 
Princeton University the St. Paul's Society went 
through a process of evolution, which first made it a 
part of the Philadelphian Society (the Y. M. C. A.) 
and then an Episcopal committee, after the Pennsjd- 
vania model. This form of organization prevails in 
several women's colleges, notably Brjra Mawr and 
Teacher's College, Columbia University. At Welles- 
ley the St. Hilda's Guild was discontinued in favor 
of an Episcopal committee. 

Chaplain's or rector's committees 

In some cases the rector of the parish in the col- 
lege town, or the chaplain assigned to work with our 
students, forms a student committee as his agents in 
working with the Church students. This method of 
work, however, is essentially lacking in student initia- 
tive and democracy. It may, on the other hand, be 
the only way of redeeming a situation where the con- 
trol of a society has passed into the hands of students 
of negative piety or too aggressive ecclesiasticism. 
The wise Church worker will not reorganize the 
society when the next college year opens, but will 
select a group of virile, representative students to 
work with him until the confidence of the rest of the 
Church students has been won, and a new organiza- 
tion can be formed. Generally, however, such drastic 



* See Appendix III. 

27 



The Church at Work in College and University 

measures are not necessary, for by dropping a hint 
here and there, or by meeting with a nominating 
committee, the clergyman can guide elections. 

The clergyman's inner circle 

Work with students who are willing to share the 
minister's burdens results in valuable fellowships. 
Sooner or later the minister will discover among his 
many college friends an inner circle whom he can take 
into his confidence. Others may serve on committees 
or be officers in organizations, but this group will, 
through their personal work, be the interpreters of 
the minister's wishes to their fellows and the best 
means of extending his influence among the students. 
Often this circle becomes well enough defined to hold 
regular, but unadvertised, meetings with the minister. 
The same comments would apply to the work of a 
deaconess, or a parish visitor, or the minister's wife, 
in dealing with college girls. 

Local conditions should determine the 
form of organization 

If experience teaches anything, it is that no one 
form of organization is suitable everywhere. The 
students will determine what is best for them, and act 
accordingly. Sometimes they are persuaded by the 
clergyman to adopt some organization which he 
fancies, but in the long run they shape it to suit 
themselves. New forms of organization are con- 
stantly coming into being or old forms changing as 
new and vigorous personalities come into the lead. 
Kot long ago a Bishop challenged the statement that 

28 



Church Student Organizations 

there was a Church society at a certain college, be- 
cause he had never heard of it on his visits to the 
institution as college preacher. The truth was that 
it had sprung up in the few months since his last 
visit. 

One reason for the informal nature of some 
Church student work is to be found in the attitude of 
the college authorities. Many presidents and deans 
oppose a Church society on the ground that it in- 
troduces denominational rivalry into the undenomina- 
tional harmony. On the other hand a committee to 
aid the rector of a nearby parish, or a Church com- 
mittee of the Association, sounds much less danger- 
ous. The National Student Council recognizes the 
present situation, and strives by its programme to in- 
troduce some measure of unity into diversity. The 
realization of their common task by the college clergy, 
as they meet in conferences, will also tend to this end. 

It is essential for all Church student organizations 
to realize that they serve, not a small group, but the 
entire university. Their influence will increase in 
proportion as they try to raise the moral and spiritual 
tone of the university. To think only in terms of a 
small company of fellow-Churchmen is to deny the 
Catholicity of the Church. We must bear our wit- 
ness to the whole university, as well as to the whole 
world. 

Relation to the Christian Associations 

The Church society inevitably finds itself in rela- 
tions, pleasant or otherwise, with the college Y. M. or 
Y. W. C. A. If the relationship is not cordial it is 

29 



The Church at Work in College and University) 

usually due to misunderstanding by each organization 
of the aims of the other. They should not be in 
opposition^ but mutually supplement one another. 

Sometimes the Church college worker is unable to 
appreciate the vast difference between the college 
Association and the city Association. As a rule 
the college Associations are not overburdened with 
material possessions^ although there are some fine 
buildings in the larger universities. There is no need 
of a great deal of physical, recreational, and social 
work, for all those needs are amply met by the uni- 
versity itself. The rapid changing of the student 
population removes the temptation to secure members 
merely for building up the organization. The fact 
that directors or advisers are largely faculty mem- 
bers gives the religious work a finer tone than in some 
other branches of the Association movement. The 
result is that the college Associations are deeply 
spiritual in their aims and methods, and thus avoid 
most of the criticisms levelled at the city Associations. 

The college Association has attained a position of 
leadership in student religious affairs. It is the ex- 
pression of the religious spirit of the college, just as 
the teams are of the athletic spirit, the literary socie- 
ties of the forensic, or the fraternities of the social 
spirit. We must recognize this fact as we develop 
our college Church work. In 1912, at Dr. John E. 
Mott's invitation, the Eev. Fr. Herbert Kelly, S.S.M., 
travelled through the colleges of America, and from 
his knowledge of the British Student Movement made 
a study of American college conditions. He wrote as 
follows in The Living Church: 

30 



Church Student Organizations 

"What are the facts with which as Churchmen we 
have actually to deal? 

"In the first place we are dealing with university 
men. The strength of the family feeling, the sense 
of being a body, is very strong among them. If we 
follow a policy of separation, we must in any case 
work at a great disadvantage, from the mere fact that 
we have that feeling against us. . . . 

"In the second place, we are dealing with our own 
men. If our Church students were all men of very 
definite and clear convictions, if the body of the 
Church itself were clear and resolute, well-disciplined, 
and so forth, we might get our students to follow our 
advice of having nothing to do with university relig- 
ion. But I know that that is not the case in England, 
and my friends have urged on me very strongly that 
it is still less so in America. . . . 

"Now, our students being in this vast, unsatis- 
factory position, if we simply say to them, ^As 
Churchmen you should have nothing to do with the 
university religion', what should we expect would 
happen? I do not think we should expect them to 
understand us at all. To the majority, the university 
is more of a unity than the Church. They would go 
with their fellows. A few, who had very definite con- 
victions, would stand out, and attach themselves to 
some parish church, with the views or ritual to which 
they are accustomed. They would only be a small 
and peculiar set, and they would have very little 
influence on the university. . . . 

"Supposing, however, we have an organization 
which gets in touch with all Church students, at least 

31 



The Church at Work in College and University 

suflQciently to know which they are ; supposing we say 
to them, '^We do not want to take you away from the 
religious life of the university. . . . But after all, 
you are Churchmen, and you have your witness to 
bear, which is indeed very necessary to this university 
and to America\ ... In the one case there is no 
^Church' witness at all, for that has been split, and 
we have gained only the aloofness of a small party, a 
clique of 'extremists'. In the other case, we rally to 
our side every bit of real Church feeling which 
exists, even in a feeble state. Once we have got it 
together, we ought to be able to build it up.'' 

The inter-denominational basis of the 
student Associations 

The student Associations claim to be on an inter- 
denominational basis. That is they invite each com- 
munion to come in to work with them without 
surrendering a single principle, but rather contrib- 
uting to the rest the truths which it especially 
emphasizes. The result is not a least common denom- 
inator of religious conviction, but a broadly compre- 
hensive principle of a working unity of convinced 
fellow-laborers, who respect each other's convictions 
and learn from one another. 

Dr. Mott on more than one occasion made a 
statement as to the contribution which the Episcopal 
Church could make, if it cooperated heartily in the 
Student Movement. His experience with the student 
work in lands where the Anglican Communion was 
strongest had shown him this. This contribution is 
threefold, along the lines of (1) Church loyalty, 

32 



Church Student Organization^ 

(2) worship, and (3) leadership in unity and in an 
understanding of the faith. It is not that these 
elements are lacking in the Student Movement, but 
that they need the stressing which convinced Church- 
men can give if working with the Movement. 
Churchmen can also bear unceasing witness to the 
central place that the Lord^s Supper should have in 
a student^s religious life. 

This is the ideal of those who are at the head of 
Association work. It is quite well lived up to in 
some of the larger and more important student 
Associations. But it is not fully understood by the 
rank and file. Secretaries and undergraduate work- 
ers are not free from the prejudices and limitations 
of their previous training, and many find it much 
easier to stand on the old undenominational platform 
than to exert themselves to understand and appreciate 
differences of opinion, or to reorganize their Associa- 
tions and boards of directors so that the various 
Churches can have a voice in the affairs of the student 
Association.* 

Furthermore, departments of the Association other 
than the Student have not risen to this vision, and 
are acting on the basis of a common Protestantism, 
which is indefinite, individualistic, and lacking in the 
corporate sense. Even where student Associations 
make a conscientious effort to be interdenominational, 
the Association leaders cannot be arbiters of the 
claims of the Churches, and must treat them all as on 
a common level. It is not satisfactory to a commun- 



See Appendix III. 

33 



The Church at Work in College and University 

ion which has a strong sense of the Church and her 
mission to be put on an equality with another which 
considers the Chnrch only a hnman organization for 
proclaiming a particular brand of the Gospel. But 
with all its defects the interdenominational position 
is more tolerable than the undenominational. An- 
other quotation from Father Kelly may make this 
clear. 

"I called this common Protestant Christianity 
undenominational. . . . We have in the religious 
world to-day a new word, interdenominational. . . . 
Are these words the same, or different ? 

"In principle and theorj they are exceedingly 
different. Undenominationalism is a purely negative 
word, denoting the state in which you are left when 
every denominational peculiarity has been taken 
away. It is a very unlovely and very dangerous 
state, reached by the road of unbelief, the road of 
giving up convictions, or of laying them by. Inter- 
denominationalism is not a negative thing. It says, 
'Let us come together, for any purpose we can use- 
fully, and let us bring all our convictions with us.' 
We may be rather sceptical about the usefulness of 
this proposal, but plainly it is not the same as the 
other. ... 

"The old Protestant bodies have still denomina- 
tional forms, ecclesiastical forms, and forms of belief. 
But they no longer attach any great importance to 
them. To them interdenominational and undenomi- 
national are much the same. 

"When, therefore, those who ask us to come in on 
an interdenominational basis, show themselves very 

34 



Church Student Organizations 

much, annoyed because we talk of our denominational 
principles, what looks to us bad faith is only in truth 
ignorance. They do not understand that our de- 
nominational differences, our Church beliefs, are any 
different from their own. They had no idea we 
meant so much by them. There is no need for us to 
lose our tempers ; we have been given just that oppor- 
tunity we desired to make ourselves understood. . . . 
"Do we believe that the Church faith is the truest, 
the most helpful, needed for the perfecting of all 
others? If so, what can we ask better than that it 
should have a chance to show its innate power? If 
men do not mean, or do not understand, what they 
have been saying, if they want to withdraw what they 
said, then it is plain to all that it is they who shrank 
from the comparison. But in the name of God, and 
of His Christ, and of His Church, do not let it be us 
who are afraid." 



35 



CHAPTEE IV 

The Student's Worship 

College Services 

Before the student can be guided in worship, it is 
necessary for the Church worker to know the number 
and value of college services. These are of two 
kinds, the official services provided by the college 
administration, and the informal services in connec- 
tion with the Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. If the college 
chapel service is treated irreverently by the students 
or degenerates into a college meeting, it may blunt 
the fine sense of worship which our young people 
should have. On the other hand if the chapel exer- 
cises are reverently conducted, we should not make 
light of them because they are not liturgical. This 
is especially important in the case of the Association 
meetings. They are often lacking in dignity, but sel- 
dom in reverence. Circles for prayer, which are so 
common in Association work, can be of very great 
value in teaching reality and intensity in the devo- 
tional life. To meetings of this type our students 
can make a very real contribution, which Association 
leaders are not slow to recognize. If opportunities 
for real worship are few, our clergy who work among 
students will naturally provide more. 

36 



The Student's Worship 
Church Services 

It is important to make the student feel that his 
interests have recognition in the Sunday Services. 
The Services must be at an hour when he can attend 
them. An instance could be given of one college 
situated two miles from the parish church. The 
trolley schedule is such that the students cannot at- 
tend church and return in time for dinner. Yet the 
congregation will not make the half hour shift which 
would make it possible for the students to come. The 
hymns should be those that students sing, and the 
presence of the college or university in the parish 
should be recognized by special prayers, and when 
appropriate by references to college events at the time 
of the giving out of notices. 

The Sacraments 

The Holy Communion will be central in the 
religious life of our students. However much other 
Services may inspire them, it is the Communion 
which nourishes and sustains them. College life is 
full of temptation to body, mind, and spirit, and the 
student quickly discovers that he needs more than his 
own strength to enable him to conquer. Many a man 
in later life has said, "If I had only known as much 
about the Sacraments when I was a student as I do 
now, college life would have been quite different for 
me." It is the privilege of our college clergy to 
bring this knowledge to our students, and teach them 
that if they regularly and faithfully "offer them- 
selves, their souls and bodies, as a living sacrifice"^ 

37 



The Church at Work in College and University 

they will grow in grace and power and in favor with 
God and man. 

The college student is studying the fundamental 
facts of life. At every point in his studies, physical, 
biological, ethnological, ethical, and philosophical, he 
comes to ultimate mystery, the place where things 
begin. Here the professor is silent, unless he is 
reverent enough to point to God. Therefore the 
student is prepared to find that in religion there are 
facts in the spiritual life which we may describe by 
cause and effect, but which we cannot explain. He 
will understand that we can use spiritual powers as 
readily as we use the forces of the physical universe 
without understanding their ultimate nature. Not 
by magic yet in mystery do the Sacraments operate. 
Thus the mystical elements of the Sacraments will not 
deter the reverent student from coming to the Holy 
Communion. If, however, through his studies or the 
general influences of college, he has become more or 
less materialistic, his "doubts" may turn him against 
the Sacramental side of religion, though he still wor- 
ships with his mind the God whom he recognizes as 
the Source of all. Such a student must be led to 
understand the limitations of the scientific method 
and point-of-view, and have his ideas clarified as to 
what personality means as applied to Deity. When 
he kneels humbly at the Master's feet to receive 
quickening of spiritual life and power, everything will 
appear in due perspective. Consequently those col- 
lege workers who lay stress on bringing students to 
regular Communions have touched the heart of the 
problem. The student will have entered on the path 

38 



The Student's Worship 

along which all that he needs spiritually can come 
to him. 

It often happens that the majority of those present 
at any eariy Service are students. The Eev. Francis 
B. Roseboro, who has for some years ministered to 
students at Yale, bears testimony to the love of 
students for this Service. "Their great need is to 
have the Sacraments of the Church easily accessible. 
However cordial the welcome of any parish, the boy 
will feel strange and ill at ease. No well sung Te 
Deum will make him feel at home, nor will the notice 
^pews reserved for students' better accomplish the 
difficult transfer. The appeal of the Altar alone will 
hold him. If, through years of clear teaching and 
patient labor, he has been brought to habits of a 
regular, frequent, and devout use of the Sacraments, 
then it is no difficult matter to transfer those habits 
to any parish however strange." * 

It is important for students to be able to attend 
the Holy Communion once a week, if they so desire. 
They come from all parts of the country and from 
churches of all types, and to many it would be a 
serious spiritual deprivation if this were not possible. 
Instances are not lacking of students requesting more 
frequent celebrations than were customary at the 
parish church and winning their case with the rector. 
At colleges too distant from one of our churches for 
students to reach it readily, arrangements should be 
made for regular celebrations of the Holy Communion 
in some hall or room of the college. 

* American Church Monthly, April, 1918. "The Religious 
Needs of College Men." 

39 



The Church at Work in College and University 
Corporate Communions 

Corporate Communioiis are of great value in 
making students faitMul and regular in their wor- 
ship. The Church student organization arranges for 
the corporate Communion and notice is sent to all the 
Churchmen in college. Often a certain Sunday in 
each month is appointed. Corporate Communions 
should be celebrated during a mission of the Church 
or a religious campaign conducted by the Association. 

If breakfast can be served afterward in the parish 
house, it will mark these occasions with spiritual fel- 
lowship, somewhat like the early Christian Agape. 
Under these circumstances the students might gladly 
remain after breakfast for an hour of meeting, dis- 
cussion, or lecture. Their time is free and they are 
in the mood for it. If the parish house is needed for 
Sunday school or other purposes, arrangements for 
breakfast might be made at one of the women's 
dormitories, which as we have stated are usually 
equipped with kitchen arrangements for student 
gatherings. 

The "College Church" 

One problem troubles clergy working among 
Eastern students, which is not met with in other 
parts of the country except in denominational colleges, 
namely, the Sunday morning college service. Some 
of the greatest preachers of the country of all com- 
munions address the students, and the college author- 
ities are loath to excuse students to go to their own 
churches at the same hour. An exception is usually 

40 



The Siudenfs Worship 

made on "Conununion Sunday", when the college may 
not have a service of its own. In a few cases those 
college officers who are regularly ordained ministers 
of some Church even celebrate Communion in the 
college chapel. These "college churches" ask the 
students to bring letters of transfer from their home 
churches, and they receive new members not pre- 
viously connected with any church. It is chiefly in 
^ew England, where the Congregational system has 
colored ecclesiastical thinking, that this system of 
college churches is pushed to its logical extreme. 
Needless to say we cannot grant its claims in our 
student work, but it requires urging to stir the 
average student to the point of asking to be excused 
in order to attend his own church. He may like the 
college atmosphere of the university service better 
than the town atmosphere of the parish church. He 
may prefer to listen to the college preachers; but 
herein lies a real danger. These men preach brilliant 
sermons, the best in their respective barrels, which 
are usually of an ethical or sociological rather than a 
doctrinal character. The student leaves college with 
a sermon-taster's dislike of the average productions 
of a minister to whom he must listen Sunday after 
Sunday. Nor has he received any knowledge of the 
fully rounded Gospel, as preached to all ages and 
classes for the strengthening of every-day Christian 
living. The student has been thus unfitted for nor- 
mal Church life. Eegular worship in his own church 
is more likely to fit him to play a normal Christian 
part in the world, where most things are more or less 
commonplace and unvaried. One fact, not generally 

41 



The Church at Work in College and University 

recognized, is that where this system of a college 
church prevails there is a subtle antagonism to 
Church work among the students. The Associations 
reflect the official disapproval, and while outwardly- 
cordial are not actively promoting the cooperative 
programmes which their national committees endorse. 

Informal services 

There is one phase of worship to which our college 
workers should pay more attention, namely, the in- 
formal period of worship preceding meetings, con- 
ferences, and classes. Too often the hymns are hastily 
chosen at the last moment before the meeting, and 
the leader selects one or more collects which, with 
the Lord's Prayer and a blessing, constitute the devo- 
tions of the group. A great opportunity to lead the 
students into worship of a spontaneous, free, and 
suitable nature has been lost. If the clergyman has 
conducted the devotions in a perfunctory manner, 
the chance of training the student to exercise the 
priesthood of the laity is gone. These services are 
worthy of painstaking preparation. They should 
strike the keynote of the meeting and bring all those 
in attendance into the presence of God. Now-a-days 
many types of worship are customary, such as litanies, 
intercessions, meditations, and services of silence. All 
that is needed is a liturgical sense and a proper un- 
derstanding of the elements of worship, namely, 
silence, invocation, exhortation by selected verses of 
Scripture, or a brief statement of the purpose of the 
service, public confession, united petition, praise and 
thanksgiving, the reading of Scripture, confession of 

42 



The Student's Worship 

faith, call to prayer (versicles), prayer, and blessing. 
N'ot all these elements of worship will be present in 
each brief service. With a little ^guidance the wor- 
shippers can be brought to use unfamiliar forms to ex- 
press each element. However there is no need of 
trying the unknown, if proper use is made of the 
Book of Common Prayer. If only more thought and 
care are bestowed on these brief devotional meetings 
they will be unified, to the point, and full of the spirit 
of worship. 

Special Services and Evensong 

These comments apply with particular force to 
special Services, which are sometimes held in the 
church, or to Sunday evening Services without a 
sermon, to which students are attracted because of the 
simple worship of Evensong. Litanies, intercessions, 
and meditations of great beauty can be built up on 
the structure of Evening Prayer on such themes as 
missions, unity, the social needs, the Church, recon- 
struction, etc. Most of us have not exhausted the 
possibilities of our hjrmnal with regard to some of the 
virtues of the Christian life, such as love, faith, con- 
secration, etc. Too often the organist selects the 
hymns, leaving to the minister the choice of a "sermon 
hymn''. The clerg3riiian should be consulted in the 
selection of all the hjnoans so that they will each con- 
vey the message of the Service.* 



* The Collegiate Secretary of the General Board of 
Religious Education will submit on request more detailed 
suggestions as to special services of the kind mentioned. 

43 



The Church at Work in College and University 

Retreats 

Eetreats have not been tried to any great degree 
among students. JSTatarally they would need to be 
modified from their usual form, but a series of Serv- 
ices of this nature could be held on Saturday and 
Sunday without taking the student away from college. 
While our Church is slow in this matter, the Associa- 
tions have discovered that they can take their cabinets 
and committees out of town for a two or three day 
"setting-up conference" with marked success. 

The church open for prayer 

Probably not many students would go into a 
church for private prayer, but it is worth keeping the 
church open if only a few go in occasionally. They 
should know that a quiet spot is available for medita- 
tion, as the college is not apt to offer many such 
places. Sometimes students who are face to face with 
the great decisions of life, or discouraged and tired by 
bafiiing problems, seek a protected place to be alone 
for deep thought. It is worth making this clear in 
advertising the church, for students of other com- 
munions, whose churches are not open, may be at- 
tracted. Churches in the vicinity of great city col- 
leges and technological schools, which do not often 
have dormitories or social buildings, should make a 
special point of offering a quiet place for rest and 
meditation and even for study. There is an inarticu- 
late worship called forth by the very silence and 
majesty of a large city church. Let us teach such 
students adoration and meditation. 

44 



The Student's Wonhip 
Confirmation 

Baptism and Confirmation of students can be 
treated best in this chapter. In those cases where the 
student has not been baptized, the Sacrament of 
Baptism may immediately precede the rite of Con- 
firmation, so that the two can be considered together. 
N'o matter how large the diocese, the Bishop should 
visit his college towns annually during the school year. 
College students will require a different type of in- 
struction and more time than children, so they should 
not be placed in the same class with boys and girls. 
Except in the case of a church some distance from 
the college, it is probably better for the student to be 
instructed with the adults of the parish. He is being 
prepared for normal Church life, and should have 
normal instruction. Special problems of individual 
students can be taken up in private conference. 
Sometimes the hours preferred by the parish people 
are not suitable for students, who can be more easily 
brought together at night. This, and other similar 
good reasons, might suggest separate classes. There 
is a danger that in classes for students alone the in- 
structor will unconsciously take on a defensive tone, 
as if to meet the intellectual difficulties with religion 
which the college student is supposed to have. But 
the place for this apologetic work is in the religious 
education classes next to be discussed. 

The whole force of the student Church organiza- 
tion will be turned toward bringing other students to 
Confirmation. Personal workers, or committeemen 
appointed for this purpose, will see all the uncon- 
firmed or bring them to the rector for interviews. 

45 



The Church at Work in College and Universityf 

Naturally such, an efEort will be fruitful only if the 
year's work has been vigorous and spiritually pro- 
ductive. More students are won by seeing that the 
Church really plays a large part in a fellow-student's 
life, than by pondering the matter in solitude. 

Sometimes special events in the college religious 
programme will determine the time for approaching 
the students about Confirmation. If the church con- 
ducts a mission or a series of meetings with strong 
speakers, the fruits will be manifested in students 
asking for Confirmation. The days following a col- 
lege evangelistic campaign, or the close of the Bible 
classes conducted by the Association, are seasonable 
times to approach our students' who have been attend- 
ing them. If a student has signed a card at any 
religious meeting giving the Episcopal Church as his 
preference, it is a particularly glaring sin of omission 
if he is not followed up by those to whom the Church 
commits the care of her children. 

'No student who has asked for Confirmation should 
be allowed to enter the summer vacation unconfirmed, 
as during it he may aestivate spiritually. It is some- 
thing of a spiritual tragedy for a student, who has 
asked for the gift of the Holy Spirit through Con- 
firmation, to be forced to rely only on the rubric about 
those who are ^^ready and desirous to be confirmed" 
as his only authority for coming to the Lord's Supper. 
Students who say that they will be confirmed at home 
should be followed up by letters to them and to their 
rectors. 



46 



CHAPTER V 
The Student's Religious Education 
The student's lack of preparation 

.The student and the college worker both face a 
handicap in religious education from the fact that the 
student comes to college with so little Biblical train- 
ing and such fragmentary knowledge of the content 
of religion. If a man, he has in most cases dropped 
out of the Sunday school early in his high school 
career, and if a girl, she has not had instruction com- 
mensurate with her needs, even if she has remained 
true to the school. Often the Confirmation instruc- 
tion received before going to college has been super- 
ficial. The clergyman in the college town reaps the 
fruit of this neglect, and must either give to the 
student work of childish grade, or build a reasoned 
faith on an inadequate foundation. This initial difi&- 
culty will, we trust, be removed at no very distant 
date, as the Sunday school work improves, and ade- 
quate effort is made to give the high school student 
religious instruction which will win his respect. 
Such a course of study should include the history and 
nature of the Bible, the teaching of the Church given 
by a simple course on the Creed, and the fundamen- 
tals of the social order according to Christian teach- 

47 



The Church at Work in College and University^ 

ing. Such a course, with all that precedes it, would 
give the necessary background for the advanced work 
of which the college student is capable. 

Another hopeful sign is the tendency on the part 
of college entrance examination boards to give credits 
in Bible subjects. Further, there is every prospect of 
a day when the public schools will give credit for Bible 
teaching and other religious education conducted by 
the Churches, which is of sufficient merit to warrant 
recognition. In both cases the emphasis will be on 
Bible study rather than on the study of doctrine, but 
it will be a welcome time for the college religious 
teacher when he can count on something besides igno- 
rance from his class in matters of Biblical history and 
ethics. 

Other difficulties face the religious educator in 
college. The Eev. Morton C. Stone, formerly chap- 
lain for Episcopal students at the University of 
Wisconsin, set these forth in a paper read at the Howe 
Conference of Episcopal College Workers. 

Lack of time on the part of the student 

"This is the main trouble. The student hasn't 
time to study. It seems to be due to one or more of 
three reasons; either he has a very large amount of 
college work to do, or he is very much occupied with 
extra curriculum, social, or other activities, or he just 
isn't interested. This, I suspect, is the real cause in 
most cases. At any rate, it is my experience that a 
student can take up a subject which he really wants 
even if he has a heavy schedule. . . . We must 
find something that will interest in spite of the 

48 



The Student*s Religious Education 

student. I believe that this can only be solved by 
finding a way out of the two difficulties which come 
next. 

Lack of teachers 

"It is hard for the priest in charge of student 
work to be a whole faculty. ... In attempting 
to increase the Church faculty [for religious in- 
struction] the natural place to turn is to the faculty 
of the college. Here we meet two difficulties; either 
the faculty members are not interested, or they don't 
know anything about the subject they are asked to 
teach. . . . But it is obvious that if any adequate 
religious education course is to be presented to our 
students we will have to have the help of the college 
faculty or import a faculty of our own. 

Lack of suitable literature 

"This needs little elaboration. . . . We have no 
standard curriculum to present to the student. We 
have books here and there on various limited or 
extended phases of religious subjects. But none of 
them were meant for class textbooks, nor are they as 
a rule suited to the situation." 

Mr. Stone's suggestions as to the solution of these 
difficulties are all incorporated in the latter part of 
this chapter. 

Religious education in the college curriculum 

The minister planning his college religious educa- 
tion work must investigate the situation from two 

49 



The Church at Work in College and University 

angles; first, the courses in the college curriculnm 
which have values for religious education, and second 
the "voluntary study courses" conducted by the 
Associations. Time is too precious both for himself 
and the student to allow of unnecessary duplication, 
and he should know what is being done by others in 
order to supplement it where necessary. 

Many colleges offer electives in the Bible, and a 
few give in addition general courses in religion. 
Those who guide the religious education of our 
students need to know the scope of this work, the 
spirit of the teaching, and the influence of the Biblical 
Department throughout the college. Advice can then 
be given our Church students as to which courses will 
be most valuable. In fact, if the teaching is not 
actually destructive, this is the most profitable way in 
which the student can gain a knowledge of the Bible. 
Voluntary study of any kind lacks the stimulus and 
discipline of classroom work. The priest in charge 
of student work should be thoroughly familiar with 
this department of the curriculum to answer or 
supplement, if need be, some of the views set forth by 
the professors. 

Indirect influence in college teaching 

Prof. Emily F. Brown reminds us that much of 
the non-religious teaching of a college has religious 
value. "It behooves us to discover, if we can, such 
tendencies in college training as will ultimately serve 
the purpose of both religion and education. Not^ 
withstanding the destructive influences of much 
of the teaching of modern science, sociology, and 

50 



The Student's Religious Education 

philosophy, experience has shown that there is a con- 
siderable sphere of influence in the regular college 
curriculum, which may legitimately come under 
Church jurisdiction, so to speak. History, art, liter- 
ature — even when taught impartially in the most 
judicial manner by teachers who are not themselves 
of the household of faith — ^have been found to open 
up unsuspected lines of communication with the 
Mother Church for many who have lost their way 
and do not even know the countersign, because, amid 
the verbiage of modern fads and fancies, they have 
forgotten their mother tongue. These secular by- 
ways of thought, as certain college studies may be 
called, are no negligible avenues of approach to the 
great Catholic highway, which to many students 
might otherwise be 'No Thoroughfare\'^ 

To prove her point Prof. Brown gives the follow- 
ing illustrations. One student came into the Church 
as a result of writing a paper on the relation of 
the Wesleyan Eevival to the Romantic Movement. 
Another states that her attention was first attracted 
to the Church by the statement in class that the 
Church existed for at least one generation before the 
Gospels were put in writing. The explanation of 
religious forms and symbols in a course on the relig- 
ious drama has won more than one student. The 
miracle plays when properly studied have a profound 
influence. Those subjects in which the historic con- 
sciousness is aroused and a new conception of the past 
gained, studies of civilization in general and of 
medieval civilization in particular, have a strong 
religious value. Thus students have been led to the 

51 



The Church at Work in College and University^ 

Chiirch througli the study of Dante, chivalry, the 
Quest of the Holy Grail, the monastic system with 
its democratic spirit, the lives of the saints and the 
rise of the mendicant orders. Church architecture, art, 
music, and liturgy, and the failure of humanism — ^to 
mention just a few of the results of historical and 
literary courses. Prof. Brown calls attention also to 
the unconscious influence toward the Church which 
comes from academic ceremonial and robes, and 
the appreciation of beauty and order which college 
education instils.* 

The wise preacher will take advantage of all these 
indirect influences, and in his sermons call attention 
to the parallels between secular and Church teaching. 
Often such an allusion will catch and hold a student 
in the congregation who is studying the particular 
period or subject referred to. 

Religious education in the Associations 

Let us turn to a wholly different form of religious 
education, the voluntary study courses of the Asso- 
ciations. The purpose of these courses is often mis- 
understood. They are not intended in any way to 
take the place of curriculum Bible courses, nor are 
their books intended to be used as textbooks. Their 
purpose is to do what the curriculum course cannot 
do, namely, approach the Bible from a devotional 
viewpoint and bring the student to conclusive think- 
ing as to his personal relation to the Christian solu- 



* "The Appeal of the Church to College Women." 
American Church Monthly, May, 1918. 

52 



The Student* s Religious Education 

tion of life's problems. The study is threefold in its 
emphasis; in some courses the Bible is foremost, in 
some, foreign missions, and in others, social duties. 
All the books are provided with daily readings in the 
Bible, a weekly summary, and a set of stimulating 
questions for class discussion. Some are written by 
recognized authorities, like Fosdick or Eauschen- 
busch, and others by certain of the secretaries in 
student Association work. All have been carefully 
worked over by committees. One series known as 
"the minimum course" was prepared for the four 
years of college, two books to a year, under the direc- 
tion of committees of the Sunday School Council of 
Evangelical Denominations and of the Council of 
North American Student Movements. 

There is a very large literature on missions avail- 
able, published chiefly by the Student Volunteer 
Movement for Foreign Missions. The various Boards 
of Missions also publish missionary books useful for 
student work. We must turn largely to the general 
publishing houses for books on practical sociology, 
though there is a growing number dealing with social 
problems from the devotional standpoint. More will 
be said about mission and social study in the two 
following chapters. 

The Sunday School 

An interesting result has come about from the 
preparation of Bible study literature by the Sunday 
school and Association authorities working conjointly. 
For the first time the Sunday schools have been able 
to offer something to the student which is really 

53 



The Church at Work in College and University 

adapted to his needs. The Associations practically 
say to the Churches, "We will bend our efforts to get 
students into your Sunday schools and count them as 
doing Bible study work, provided you will establish 
college departments in your schools, so that the 
students will not be treated as children, use these 
specially prepared textbooks, or their equivalents, 
have the classes led by people who understand students 
and their problems, use the discussion method rather 
than the lecture method in teaching, and (in general) 
teach men and women in separate groups." When 
the campaign to enroll students in the various Sunday 
schools is completed, the Associations form campus 
classes in fraternity and sorority houses, boarding 
houses and dormitories for the students who will not 
go to the Sunday schools. It is into these latter 
groups that the Episcopal students are apt to go, for 
we have never succeeded, as the other communions 
have, in getting our young people to stay in Sunday 
school when they reach the college age. 

The Association voluntary study work has demon- 
strated that students can be trained to lead groups if 
they have the guidance of a weekly normal class. 

Supplementing the Association classes 

It can be readily seen from this brief description 
that our leaders in student work must study the 
religious education work of the Associations in the 
colleges where they minister. In many cases it will 
not be up to the standard. And, even at its best, there 
are some things it does not, and should not, aim to 
do. It does not give what is generally called "doc- 

54 



The Student's Religious Education 

trinal teaching'^, only the broad outlines of New 
Testament theology being sketched; it says little or 
nothing about the history of Christianity ; its method 
is suggestive rather than systematic and conclusive. 
Along these lines we must supplement and supply 
Church teaching. How to do this will occupy us for 
the rest of the chapter. 

Sermons and lectures 

In the first place the sermon can be made a vehicle 
of teaching. The largest number of students can 
be reached in this way. The great themes of Church 
life and doctrine can be set forth with regularity. 
The Church Year can yield up its rich material for 
teaching. Even brief statements and expositions at 
the time of the giving out of notices have their value. 
In this same category come lectures. The difficulty, 
of course, lies in getting students to attend. A few 
meetings of the Church students' organization could 
be given over to lectures with questions and dis- 
cussion following. The stereopticon is a most useful 
adjunct in all such work. Special lectures furnish 
an opportunity to use the varied abilities and special 
interests of the Churchmen on the faculty. The 
rector of the church at Tucson, Arizona, has had pro- 
fessors of the state university and other Churchmen 
of teaching ability speak at the Sunday night Services 
with marked success. The students of Washington 
and Lee University thronged the church at Lexing- 
ton, Va., to hear a course of Sunday night lectures 
from the rector on the Life of Christ, which extended 

^5 



The Church at Work in College and Universit\f 

over a number of weeks. We are far from having 
exhausted the teaching possibilities of the pulpit. 

Weekly classes 

The next most general method of teaching is b}^ 
weekly classes. These may be in connection with the 
Sunday school, or at hours on week days convenient 
to the students. "There are two difficulties/' vtrrites 
Mr. Stone. "The classes being a week apart, there is 
a tendency to lose interest. Perhaps this would be 
obviated if a really good course were offered, or a text- 
book with daily readings might help to fill in the gap. 
Then the classes can be held for only about twelve 
weeks, or there is a conflict with the examination 
period, and vacations have a disturbing way of not 
being arranged to suit Church classes." 

This is the method almost universally in use in 
mission and social study, one chapter of the textbook 
being assigned each week and the class continuing 
until the book is completed. Confirmation classes 
are usually of this type. Much more use than is cus- 
tomary could be made of them by those who are al- 
ready communicants. Students confirmed as boys 
and girls would profit greatly by hearing another 
rector prepare his class. They would see the whole 
subject of their Church life from a new angle. 

Religious discussion groups and conferences 

A less systematic form of religious education is 
the discussion method, referred to above as success- 
fully applied by the Associations. It suffers from the 
natural tendency to run into discussions which lead 

56 



The Student's Religious Education 

nowhere^ and lacks the authority which comes from 
systematic teaching. Nevertheless it makes the stu- 
dent think for himself^ gives an opportunity to correct 
his misconceptions, and has a certain authority when 
a group arrives at conclusions in common. The Gen- 
eral Board of Eeligious Education has begun to 
publish outlines for discussion on live topics, with 
daily Bible readings. 

Akin to these discussion groups, but differing in 
that they are occasional and not periodic, are "round- 
table conferences". These can be effectively held for 
a visiting speaker, who states his case as concisely as 
possible, and the rest of the time is given up to ques- 
tions and discussions. Every effort is made to keep 
the meeting thoroughly informal. This t}^e of meet- 
ing can be expanded, if the attendance warrants, into 
a forum. This device has proved especially useful 
in the discussion of social problems. 

Intensive study courses 

Mr. Stone has made a suggestion about intensive 
study which is original with him, and should be given 
in his own words. "This method is at present a 
theory which I have not had a chance to try, but has 
seemed to me to present possibilities. It came to 
mind in reading of the Veek-end retreats' which have 
been so successful in Europe and have also worked 
well in this country, notably at the Boston Cathedral. 
The idea would be to present several during the year, 
as short intensive study courses, giving at least a 
bird's-eye view of the subject. They would begin on 
Friday evening, and would have classes on Saturday 

57 



The Church at Work in College and University 

afternoon and evening, and on Sunday the morning 
sermon could deal with tlie subject from tiie inspira- 
tional point of view, followed in the afternoon by 
another class, and, if possible, in the evening by 
an illustrated lecture reviewing the whole subject. 
Members of the course would be required to read a 
textbook and give practically all their time to study 
and class from Friday night until Sunday night. 
Auditors might just attend the classes ; and doubtless 
a number would be attracted to the final summary 
illustrated lecture on Sunday evening. . . . 

"Of course such a plan would not displace more 
extended courses. One of these intensive study 
courses might be given each month, making eight for 
the year, thus presenting eight subjects in brief re- 
view. . . . One could appeal to students by get- 
ting them to give up a lot of time for a very limited 
period, instead of a little time spread over a long 
period. ... A good deal can be accomplished in a 
short time if one gets down to work." 

Reading courses and use of the library 

The student who feels that he can not enroll in a 
regular class for a longer or shorter period might be 
persuaded to do some private reading under direction. 
The clerg}Tnan in charge of student work should al- 
ways have books ready to lend. Many a conversation 
can be followed up in this way. Pamphlets can also 
be effectively used, though if they are too much of the 
"tract" type they may not prove popular. Church 
papers, both general and missionan^, should be in easy 
reach of the student. Perhaps a few of the more in- 

58 



The Students Religious Education 

terested will subscribe. A reading room might be 
fitted up in the parish house to which students will 
be welcome. Church periodicals should be supplied 
to the Association and university library reading 
rooms. Almost any religious book of a non-contro- 
versial nature will be purchased by the library on 
request of the clergyman or of the students. The 
librarian is always glad to set aside certain books on 
a reference shelf for the time during which a class 
needs them. 

Exhibits 

Bulletin boards and exhibits should be used in 
religious education. It is possible to procure for the 
former pictures and posters on the greatest variety of 
subjects. Exhibits could be made a very valuable form 
of religious education. The exhibit would be set up 
in the parish house or other convenient center, and at 
stated hours lectures or stereopticon talks would be 
given. The Board of Missions and the Social Service 
Commission have stereopticon lectures available for 
the asking. 

Education for Church life and activity 

There is one field of Church education which is 
at present most haphazard. Men and women are left 
to learn by experience the organization of general and 
diocesan conventions, provincial synods, boards, com- 
missions and committees of all kinds, vestries and 
parochial societies. So also with regard to the rights 
and duties of Bishops, archdeacons, priests, and lay- 

59 



The Church at Work in College and University 

readers. In all these matters the rank and file of our 
canununicants are woefully ignorant. College grad- 
uates, who are anxious to take part in Church work, 
and in general are well qualified to lead, often involve 
themselves in unfortunate relations with Church 
authorities by rushing ahead with plans without 
due authority. Somehow in college they must be 
informed as to the way in which the Church is 
constituted. Merely telling them about it is not effect- 
ive, for it is not closely related to their present in- 
terests. Literature on the subject is apt to seem dry. 
Charts and diagrams clearly explained are most 
helpful. 

Subject matter of courses 

We cannot here take up the question of the sub- 
ject matter of our religious education work. Not 
much has been done so far in this field, but books 
which are suitable are appearing or are being written 
for the purpose. The National Student Council will 
give attention to the matter of curriculum, and each 
year suggest ways of carrying out the educational side 
of its "minimum programme". Its officers, and the 
Secretaries of the Church Boards and Commissions, 
stand ready at all times to advise and suggest text- 
books. 

Religious education receiving college credit 

In conclusion we might state the goal of the 
future, i. e., trained men and women of our Church 
accredited as lecturers by the university, who would 
give Church teaching or training of such a grade as 

60 



The Student's Religious Education 

to win academic credits from the uiiiversity. They 
would probably work in conjunction with similar 
teachers of other communions as a school of religions 
education. At the Uniyersity of Texas there is an 
^^Association of Eeligious Teachers" for whose work 
credit is granted. The University of Missouri gives 
credit to the amount of fourteen hours for work done 
in certain subjects in an institution of good standing. 
As a matter of fact the only institution giving this 
work is the Bible College of the Disciples Church lo- 
cated in the same city. The same arrangement exists 
at the University of Oregon with the Eugene Bible 
University. The University of North Dakota has a 
somewhat similar affiliation with Wesley College. 
Precedents are accumulating, and as soon as the 
various communions can put forward adequately 
trained teachers, can find ways of working together, 
and can furnish proper textbooks, the universities 
will gladly recognize the rehgious teaching and give 
credits. Not until then will religious education ac- 
quire dignity in the eyes of the students. 

Mr. Stone has made a useful suggestion which 
may help in the interim before this ideal is realized. 
^'A step might be made toward a collegiate school of 
religion, if the chaplain [the priest in charge of work 
among our students] could gather members of the 
faculty and a definite standardized programme be 
offered^ under the direction of the General Board of 
Eeligious Education, giving credits of its own until 
such time as the college will grant credit." A be- 
ginning is being made in this direction, as will be 
presently described, by the awarding of the Board^s 

61 



The Church at Work in College and Vniversityf 

diploma of trained teacher to those students who ful- 
fil the requirements of normal work during their 
college career. 

Dramatics and Pageantry 

We have reserved for the last a brief note on a 
subject which will be treated more fully in a Bulletin 
of the National Student Council to be published in 
October, 1919, namely, the value of dramatics and 
pageantry for religious education. 

A well-known football coach, after listening to a 
discussion of possible forms of religious work, said: 
"It seems to me that you divorce too much the spirit- 
ual from the physical. It is all too vague and in- 
tangible. Men like to be active. Why can't you give 
them some dramatics, and let them learn through 
acting?" He voiced a truth we might well observe. 
There is a great amount of pageantry in the history of 
our Church which lends itself well to tableau and play. 
Much in our liturgy can be illustrated by Services 
with processions, pilgrimages, etc. There can be free 
dramatization of a Bible or history lesson by charades. 
Work of this nature must of course avoid the appear- 
ance of childishness. As such activities employ a 
large number of students they are of value in many 
ways, educational, social, and for training in Church 
work. The position and teaching of the Church 
would be better understood in a college community, if 
there could be given annually a good pageant or play. 



62 



CHAPTEE VI 

The Student and Church Extension and 
Christian Unity 

A. CHURCH EXTENSION 

Importance of missions in student work 

Our work with students will be a pitiable failure 
if they do not become informed believers in and en- 
thusiastic workers for the Church's Mission. Even 
if this were accomplished in every case, our work 
would be only a partial success unless many of them 
offer themselves for service as missionaries at home 
and abroad. In this, as in the case of the ministry, 
the Church has placed her clergy and other workers 
in the colleges to seek out and call the choicest young 
men and women to positions of leadership in her 
ranks. This will receive more extended treatment in 
Chapter VIII on "Guiding the Student's Life Pur- 
poses". It is mentioned here so that it will receive 
recognition as an integral part of an adequate 
missionary programme in our college work. 

Fortunately in all this the way is quite clearly 
shown, for we have long experience on which to draw. 
Our Board of Missions has always looked to the 
colleges to furnish recruits. Although most of those 
who have gone out as ordained men or as deaconesses 

63 



The Church at Work in College and University 

made their decision in the seminary or training 
school, yet the most formative influences were 
probably experienced in college. 

The Student Volunteer Movement 

An interdenominational agency which has done 
an invaluable work for missions in the colleges, and 
to which all the Boards of Missions are under great 
indebtedness, is the Student Volunteer Movement for 
Foreign Missions. It was organized in 1886 at Mt. 
Hermon, Mass., at the first of the student summer 
conferences, as a spontaneous assumption by the 
students themselves of their obligation to furnish 
from their number the foreign missionaries needed by 
the Churches. Almost from the first Dr. John K. 
Mott has been the Chairman of the executive com- 
mittee. It is not possible here to review its long and 
honorable career. More will be said in the eighth 
chapter about its methods and success in getting 
students to "volunteer'^ for life service in the mission 
field. About 7,500 volunteers have been sent out to 
the mission field by the various Boards of Missions. 
It now has a considerable staff of executive and 
traveling secretaries, and maintains a large office in 
New York City. Its publication of college textbooks 
and pamphlets on missions has attained very large 
proportions. Its great quadrennial conventions, 
assembling nearly 5,000 student delegates, create a 
tide of spiritual enthusiasm, each student generation, 
which affects all branches of religious work. * 



* See Appendix II. 

64 



The Student and Church Extension and Christian Unit^ 
Local Student Volunteer Bands 

In the colleges this Movement is represented by- 
student volunteer bands. All the members of the 
band are volunteers for the foreign mission field, but 
their purpose is not that of pietistic self-culture. 
They are the inspiring center of an aggressive and 
sane propaganda for missions throughout the student 
body. On the missionary committees of the Associa- 
tions there usually will be found one or two of the 
volunteer band. When Church student work becomes 
known for its missionary enthusiasm it is generally 
because one of the leading students is a volunteer, or 
because the priest in charge, or the woman worker, is 
a "detained" volunteer. It is the old story that com- 
mitment of one's life to a cause is productive of vastly 
more personal enthusiasm than committing the task 
to someone else. 

Mission study classes 

All strong Associations conduct a number of mis- 
sion study classes, using the books of the Student 
Volunteer Movement or the Missionary Education 
Movement. The textbooks used are, of course, gen- 
eral in character, but the members of the different 
Churches who belong to them are supposed to con- 
tribute items of interest about the work of their own 
communion. One session of the class ought to be 
given up to a study of the work of each Church repre- 
sented in the class. These classes lay a broad and 
deep background against which to measure the work 
of one's own Church. Where they are well con- 

65 



The Church at Work in College and University 

ducted and attended it is not wise to attempt to draw 
from them for tlie organization of purely Church 
classes. More can be accomplished by keeping note 
of what is going on in the Association mission study 
classes and supplementing it with a round table con- 
ference on the Church's work in the field or depart- 
ment of missionary activity which the students are 
studying. By planning far enough in advance a re- 
turned missionary or a Secretary from the Board of 
Missions could be obtained for this conference. 

Often, however, it will be exceedingly important 
to have our own classes studying the Church's Mis- 
sion. Especially is this the case in Lent when faith- 
ful Church students, who have not been attracted to 
the Association classes, can be drawn into a Church 
class because of the desire to do a little more than 
usual in study and service. Or the Association 
classes may be leaving untouched some great area of 
missionary activity as, perhaps, the home field. Or, 
as sometimes happens, there are no mission study 
classes at all on the campus. Students occasionally 
will join in parish mission study or teach courses in 
Church extension in the Sunday school. In case 
Church classes are formed, it will be found that the 
Board of Missions has a considerable selection of 
teachable books and pamphlets to ofier on the 
Church's Mission, and the Educational Secretary is 
eager to advise with regard to books and methods of 
class leadership. 

There has never been a time like the present for 
the study of missions. The War has given to this 
phase of the Church's work a new significance. Most 

66 



The Student and Church Extension and Christian Unit}) 

of the aims of the Allies are the very principles which 
missionaries have been proclaiming. Missions will 
thrive in the atmosphere of the new diplomacy. The 
League of Nations will be but the governmental as- 
pect of the Brotherhood of Man. The missionaries 
will stand out as the true internationalists. Never 
before have missions seemed so important in the eyes 
of students, nor has it been so easy to win the argu- 
ment that every properly educated man and citizen of 
the world should study the work of the Church's van- 
guard and the nation's noblest representatives. 

Missionary meetings and conferences 

Along with the study of missions should go mis- 
sionary meetings and institutes. The latter is a sort 
of prolongation of the former. Speakers are invited 
for a series of addresses and conferences with the 
students who attend the institute. Often one or more 
meals are served. The student volunteer bands in a 
section of the country, or in the several colleges of a 
large city and its suburbs, are united into unions, 
which hold annual conferences in one of the colleges. 
These conferences are small enough for much good 
fellowship to prevail, the speakers are always men 
and women of ability, and the informal conferences 
yield much information to the inquiring delegates. 
The same is true of the summer Missionary Educa- 
tion Movement Conferences and our own Church 
Summer Schools. These add the training element 
to the inspirational. Whenever possible our students 
should be encouraged to go to these conferences, for 
they will profit much by the experience and come 

67 



The Church at Work in College and University 

back full of enthusiasin for their Clmrch work. 
Especially is this important in the case of the great 
quadrennial conventions which were referred to above. 
On these occasions the college volunteer bands appeal 
to the churches of their communities for funds to 
help send delegates. As the Church gains in the 
long run by the new vision which comes to her young 
people, the appeal should never be made in vain. The 
returning delegates always report the convention to 
the congregation, if allowed, and few Services are 
more helpful than those in which students try to share 
the good things they have received. 

Use of students as missionary speakers 

One important way to develop missionary interest 
and produce future missionaries is to use students as 
speakers. They usually give very good talks, since 
they are apt to select those points which are in the 
region of high purpose and great achievements. 
Those who are volunteers stir their audiences greatly. 
Many students have decided to become missionaries 
after having given a number of addresses and having 
been gripped by their subject. Our churches could 
well use students in talks to the Sunday schools, 
clubs of all kinds, and Woman^s Auxiliaries. The 
college minister should be constantly on the alert to 
develop in this way his most promising students. 

IVIissionary giving 

Last, but not by any means least, is the subject of 
missionary giving. As a Church we have not ap- 
pealed strongly enough to our students for contribu- 

68 



The Student and Church Extension and Christian Unit}f 

tions to the Church's Mission. They have given to 
objects in which the college as a whole was interested, 
such as the college's representative on the foreign 
field, or the foreign work of the Y. M. and Y. W. 
C. A. But more is needed. Prior to America's entry 
into the War the colleges and universities of North 
America reached the astonishing total of $247,424 
given to missions, of which about one-half came from 
the alumni and professors. In 1917-18 they gave to 
the Student Friendship War Fund nearly a million 
and a half dollars without any appeal to the alumni. 
Nor were the gifts to missions very seriously de- 
creased. In 1918 they gave nearly three million 
dollars to the United War Work Campaign. It shows 
what students can do in the way of sacrifice when 
the call comes close home and stirs their imaginations. 
This spirit must not be allowed to die out now 
that the War is over, but must be turned toward 
missions, a cause big enough and human enough to 
furnish an equivalent for the suffering occasioned by 
war. Other Churches report that they receive large 
sums from their students for missions. Why should 
not we be able to do the same? The money itself 
is of less consequence than the education and conse- 
cration which accompany the gift. College Church- 
men in America should be helping their brothers in 
the schools and colleges of Japan, China, Africa, 
Brazil, the Philippines, and the nearer fields. 

The I^ational Student Council will from year to 
year urge the students of our Church to bear their 
share in the lifting of the world's burdens. At its 
suggestion the Board of Missions prepares special 

69 



The Church at Work m College and University 

weekly envelopes for student offerings, with a special 
pamphlet giving an interesting statement of the work 
of the Board. In colleges where the students cannot 
easily or regularly attend service in an Episcopal 
church, a committee could collect the envelopes. This 
plan is open to the criticism that the student thus 
avoids his share in the support of the church in the 
community; but he is not a member of that church, 
and his status is distinctly national. He is away from 
home and under those circumstances the entire Church 
claims him. The little he gives had better go to 
the Churches general work. 

B. CHRISTIA]^ UISriTY 

Conferences and intercessions 

There is one phase of the Church's work which 
has not as yet made its appearance in the colleges, 
namely, the study and promotion of Christian unity. 
In no place is the atmosphere more favorable for 
conferences and discussions about unity. Some may 
say students are too young and uninformed to engage 
in such meetings. But is not this true of everything 
they do ? Are they not in college to learn, and would 
it not be better in this respect to have competent 
guidance? Furthermore, they have a working unity 
in certain branches of Christian work through the 
Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. One thing is certain, student? 
and professors who engage in conference with those 
of other communions will know the position of our 
own Church better as the result. By way of caution, 
it should be said that those who lead these confer- 
ences should do so only after deep and careful reading. 

70 



The Student and Church Extension and Christian Unity 

The type of conference promoted by the General 
Convention's Commission on a World Conference on 
Faith and Order is particularly practicable in a 
university where men are accustomed to examine all 
questions without animus and with a wholehearted 
desire for the truth. The Secretary of this Commis- 
sion, Mr. Robert H. Gardiner, is a faithful friend of 
students, and knows college work. He stands ready 
to advise as to the conduct of these conferences and 
to furnish literature, including a Manual of Prayer 
for Unity.* 

Intercessions for unity should be faithfully offered. 
The octave January 18-25 is suggested each year by 
the Commission to be observed as a season of special 
prayer for the reunion of Christendom. This period 
could well be observed in all our colleges by special 
Services and round-table conferences with other Chris- 
tians. The Y. M. and Y. W. C. A.'s ought to be 
very cordial to the idea of such conferences and be 
willing to take the lead in arranging for them. 

One of the characteristics most noticeable to-day 
is the interdenominational thinking of men of affairs. 
The ability to do this and remain true to one's own 
Church must be developed. There is among students 
to-day, so we are told by those who work most inti- 
mately with them, a certain impatience with denom- 
inationalism. The study and discussion of Christian 
unity will create a strong denominational interest, 
and at the same time promote interdenominational 
fellowship. Students by this means will be held to 
the Church, rather than lost. 

* Address, 174 Water Street, Ga^rdiner, Maine. 

71 



CHAPTEE YII 

The Student's Service in Church and Community 

A. SEKVIITG THE CHURCH 

Service in the church of the college community 

Much more ought to be done in the way of using 
students in Church work than ia now done, for this 
is decidedly the best way of training them for future 
leadership and of making them feel that the Church 
needs more than merely their attendance at Service. 
There are several obvious difficulties, but none are 
insuperable; namely, lack of time on the part of 
students, vacations and college events which affect 
regularity, and the smallness of some parishes which 
cannot offer many opportunities for work. In regard 
to the first, a student can usually be persuaded to 
do one thing and do it well; the second is met by 
good organization and by seeing that the students 
have substitutes (often they will work in pairs) ; and 
as to the third difficulty, the fault lies chiefly in 
lack of imagination on the part of the rector who does 
not plan to keep even his own people busy. 

A fairly complete list is given of the Church work 
that a student can do under guidance. Each of the 
following tasks when well done is sufficient, for too 
many different responsibilities must not be laid on 

72 



• The Studenfs Service in Church and Community 

willing shoulders. As many students as possible are 
to receive Chnrcli training, and they should not be 
made subordinate to the work itself by being given 
more than they can assimilate. 

Service in the church 

Lay-reader, altar guild worker, acolyte, crucif er, 
verger, usher, chorister, choir-mother, organist, and 
assistant organist. 

Teaching service 

Teaching in Church school, Sundays or week 
days; acting as a substitute teacher; other Church 
school work — superintendent, secretary, librarian, 
visiting-teacher, i. e., home department work, or 
following up of absentees; summer work with 
children in parish or camp; judging competition 
essays, field work, etc. ; missionary addresses ; edu- 
cational work with special parish groups; talks to 
clubs; classes in boys^ or girls' clubs, week-day 
afternoon or evening; athletics, gymnastics, walk- 
ing clubs, etc. 

Service in societies and guilds 

Men's Club, Woman's Auxiliary, Women's Guild, 
Parish Aid, Junior Auxiliary, Girls' Friendly 
Society, Brotherhood of St. Andrew (especially 
bringing fellow-students to church and introducing 
them to the rector) , Young Men's Club, Battalion, 
Boys' Club, Boy Scouts, etc. 

73 



The Church at Work in College and University^ 
Publicity service 

News-gathering and reporting of Church relig- 
ious education^ social service and missionary news 
for college paper, parish paper, or bulletin board; 
and, conversely, writing college religious news to 
the Church papers; making posters to advertise 
services, meetings, and conferences; circulating 
cards or other forms of notice throughout the col- 
lege; personal invitations to students to come to 
events in the church, etc. 

Miscellaneous service 

Taking altar flowers to the sick; assisting at 
missions; surveying and assisting in canvasses; 
secretarial work to help rector; teaching assistant 
for sewing-circle, basket-making circle, etc. ; music 
— vocal, instrumental, teaching, conduction — in 
Church school or club; art — such as designing 
decorative settings for psalms, hymns, collects, etc. ; 
story-telling ; conduction of historic tours, prepara- 
tion of pageants; photographic work for lantern 
slides, etc.; entertaining at Church festivals, etc. 

Church service which is not local 

There are also ways of using students in diocesan, 
provincial, and general Church work. For instance, 
in South Dakota some of the students at the Univer- 
sity will be used to conduct by correspondence religious 
education with the children of families out of reach 
of our churches. The three general agencies of our 
Church, the Boards of Missions and Education, and 

74 



The Students Service in Church and Community 

the Social Service Commission, should have corre- 
spondents in each college and university who will not 
only keep the Board's officers informed about matters 
of special interest in the institution, but will also 
write for advice on what the students can do in each 
phase of the Church's work. The question may arise 
as to whether this will not interfere with the secretary 
of the society of Churchmen. The secretary can, and 
in most cases will, limit his correspondence to official 
matters and reports. 

It is worth many an hour of planning and read- 
justment to make a place for every interested student. 
The rector must be ready with his opportunities and 
not say to a willing student, "Thanks for your kind 
offer to help.. There is nothing now that I can give 
you to do, but if anything turns up I will let you 
know.'' By such dilatory tactics he may turn away 
from the path of training for Church work one who 
with proper encouragement could become a leader. 
It is worth many an hour of planning and readjust- 
ment to make a place for the willing youth. But it 
is right to impress on the student that having once 
taken up the work he must faithfully carry it on, and 
not let college events interfere with it. Many people 
at the head of Church activities are frankly skeptical 
of the value of student helpers, for the reason that 
experience has shown that they are not to be relied 
on. This objection can be removed by a frank talk 
with the student before he begins work. The ex- 
perience of the Associations in social service work, 
often of an exacting nature, would seem to show that 
students will be faithful when thoroughly interested. 

75 



The Church at Work in College and University 

B. SERVING THE COMMUNITY * 

Social service in tFie Association 

The Associations have developed this field to a 
high degree. For years they have been using students 
to teach English and citizenship to foreigners, give 
health and "safety first" talks, demonstrate first aid, 
supervise clubs and playgrounds, act as scout masters, 
make surveys, visit workingmen's homes, conduct 
rescue missions, go on deputations to town and coun- 
try, and do a score of other things that altruistic 
ingenuity and the genuine needs of a community 
suggest. Perhaps in this field it is well to let the 
Associations take the lead, and maintain such close 
relationship with our students who do social service 
work that we can lead them to see its spiritual value 
and meaning. Of all Churches we ought to be the 
one best able to teach and exemplify the relation 
between worship and service. There is considerable 
danger that a student may come to think that in 
social service he has discharged his full duty to 
religion and the Church. 

Study of social problems 

All that has been said about the study of missions 
applies to the study of social problems, or, as it is 
called in Association parlance, the study of Forth 
American problems. The contribution which we have 
to make to this study as conducted by the Associations, 

* Headings of subdivisions A and B, tliough conveniently 
antithetical, may cause a false distinction. After all, 
serving the community is serving the Church. 

76 



The StudenVs Service in Church and Community 

and to sociology as it is usually taught, is to direct 
attention to the part the Church has to play in modern 
life. It would be a waste of time and effort for us 
to organize classes of Episcopal students merely to 
talk in vague terms about social amelioration or of 
reconstruction. We must show them the part the 
Church should have in all this, for, if we do not, 
probably no one else will. Further, we can see to it 
that our students in Association social study classes 
keep this point of view before the group. Sermons 
can also be preached to correct the ignoring of the 
Church in current sociological teaching. 

Suggestions from the Social Service Commission 

With these introductory remarks about what the 
Associations are doing in the field of community 
service, let us turn to the programme outlined by the 
Eev. F. M. Crouch, the Secretary of the Joint Com- 
mission on Social Service. 

''I. Active Service 

"The Church student may serve the community 
either as a member of a university group or as a 
member of a local parish. In either case he has two 
main lines or methods of activity open: 

"(1) He may serve as an individual volunteer 
worker under the direction of any social agency of 
the parish, college, or community, which may need 
workers and can utilize his spare time, intelligence, 
and energy. As a settlement worker, a big brother, 
a big sister, a friendly visitor, etc., the student may 

77 



The Church at Work in College and University) 

put himself in helpful contact with individual cases 
of need and serve not only the individual but the 
agency with which he is related as a worker, the 
college or parish group of which he is a member, 
and the community as a whole. Or he may help 
to make a social survey of a neighborhood or com- 
munity as a whole with a view to ascertaining 
living and working conditions, etc.; or a special 
investigation of some one problem of a community 
or given neighborhood, such as immigration, hous- 
ing, wages, recreational facilities, etc. It would be 
well to have it understood that such a volunteer is 
serving as a professing Christian in the name either 
of his college unit or his parish unit, or both, and 
that he is expressing individually a part of the 
desire of the Church or organized religion in the 
community in which the college is located to help 
solve its problems. 

"(2) He may associate himself with other 
Church students for the purpose of doing some- 
thing for the community that is either not being 
done and needs to be done, or which is not being 
done competently or completely. In more than one 
city parish to-day there is a Social Service League 
definitely organized under the direction of the 
rector or an associate. Such a league looks about 
it for the purpose of discovering through an actual 
survey of a given neighborhood what the social 
conditions and needs are; of ascertaining what 
social agencies are now at work in the field, just 
what they are doing, and what they need in the 
way of cooperation; of relating itself effectively 

78 



The SiudenVs Service in Church and Commurnt^ 

as occasion may demand and opportunity offer 
with one or another of such agencies already work- 
ing in the community as may need assistance. The 
social service which we are here considering would 
cover not only the field of the older curative charity, 
but also the fields of social and economic readjust- 
ment or reconstruction, and preventative or con- 
structive charity. 

''II. Education for Service 

"The theoretical or ^academic^ education of the 
college Church student for practical social service 
should include (1) a recognition and an interpreta- 
tion of the social genius and challenge of our religion 
and of its precursor Hebraism; (2) a similar social 
interpretation of the history of the Christian Church 
through twenty centuries; (3) a study of modem 
social problems, and (4) of methods of service. 

"(1) Social Study of the Bible 

"A course could be arranged which would cover 
the social teachings of the prophets, the sociological 
aspect of the various legal codes recorded in the Old 
Testament, general relations of Church and state, as 
seen in the history of the Hebrew nation and religion, 
and the social challenge of the Gospels. Material for 
such courses is already available. The Joint Com- 
mission on Social Service has, for instance, issued an 
'Outline of Social Stud/, in which are indicated 
under each of the above topics certain representative 
books by recognized authorities, and has begun the 

79 



The Church at Work in College and University 

preparation of a series of pamphlet texts on the topics 
indicated — two numbers of which, ^The Social Teach- 
ings of the Prophets^ and ^Social Aspects of Church 
History; The Early Period', have already been issued. 
The purpose of such courses would be to release the 
essential social nature and social challenge of Old 
and New Testament religion. 

"(2) Social Study of Church History 

'^What has just been said applies to this second 
topic. Church history may be treated either accord- 
ing to periods — early, medieval, modern (since the 
Reformation) ; or in relation to movements — ascet- 
icism, monasticism, the mendicant orders, institu- 
tional charities, the theory of almsgiving, the social 
significance of the work of certain saints and reform- 
ers, etc.; or as seen in the lives of representative 
Churchmen and others not always received as ortho- 
dox but significant for this purpose — St. Paul (his 
views on marriage, slavery, social classes, etc.), St. 
James (a study of his Epistle), Chrysostom, Ambrose, 
Benedict of N'ursia and other founders of monastic 
movements, Arnold of Brescia (a politico-ecclesias- 
tical reformer), Francis of Assisi, St. Catherine of 
Sienna, Wyclifie, Huss, Savonarola, Luther, Calvin, 
etc. The social teachings of no one of these can be 
approved in toto, but a study of their lives and doc- 
trines would be valuable. 

"(3) Study of Modern Social Problems 

"This would include a recognition of social service, 
as above indicated, as both ameliorative and prevent- 

80 



The Student* s Service in Church and Community 

ative or reconstructive. It would involve a study of 
types of communities vrith their special conditions and 
needs — the industrial or urban community, the agri- 
cultural or rural community, the suburban commu- 
nity. It would mean a survey of certain typical phases 
of the social problem — ^the labor problem (hours, 
wages, conditions, labor movements, conservative and 
radical), problems of housing, recreation, vocational 
education, public health (including sanitary engineer- 
ing, prophylactic campaigns, looking toward the 
elimination of recognized maladies, such as tubercu- 
losis, venereal disease, etc.). Eightly viewed, any 
phase of life is a phase of the social problem, and the 
purpose of the instruction under this general heading 
would be not only to inform the student as to well- 
recognized problems, but to quicken his appreciation 
of human life and its possibilities for betterment. 
Underlying the whole would go a broad doctrine of 
democracy — economic and social as well as political — 
interpreted in the light of the Christian doctrine of 
the brotherhood of man. 

"(4) Methods of Service 

"This would include what has been already in- 
dicated under I above — individual or group service 
either independently or in cooperation with recog- 
nized social agencies of the community, state, and 
nation. An explanation of the work of these agen- 
cies in the large would also come under this heading. 
For this purpose a useful leaflet would be ^The Inter- 
relation of Modern Social Movements', issued by the 
Eussell Sage Foundation, New York City. This de- 

81 



The Church at Work in College and University 

partment of the course would include also a study of 
certain occupations or professions as avenues of social 
service, involving an interpretation of the various 
trades and professions, not as means of mere personal 
livelihood or success in terms of money, prestige, or 
position, but as media of true social or human service. 
In other words, the lawyer should not think merely 
of winning cases, but of subserving the true interests 
of justice, the legislator should not think merely of 
safeguarding the vested interests and maintaining 
the status quo, but should be responsive to grooving 
demands for readjustment and reconstruction. 

"Such instruction as above outlined can be given 
to the Church student in a college class or Association 
study group, or in a study group connected with the 
parish. Part of it, in fact, ought to come from the 
preacher in the college chapel and in the parish 
church. Some of it, again, may be given in the shape 
of lectures by specially invited lecturers either con- 
nected with the college or community or from out- 
side. These lectures might be arranged by the 
student group ; as an example, for two or three years 
before the War a group of the alumni of Cornell 
University arranged for a special course of lectures 
on social and civic problems before the university by 
outside lecturers — supplemented by a special course 
of instruction under a member of the faculty." 



82 



CHAPTEE YIII 

Guiding the Student's Life Purposes 
A natural result of all Church work 

There is no one method of Church student work 
so far suggested which does not result in the infusion 
of a Christian spirit into life's purposes. This is of 
vital significance. If the raison d'etre of a college is 
to train young men and women for life service to 
society and the state, then the Church must find ways 
of preparing them for her service also. But in addi- 
tion to this training there is great need of sjrmpa- 
thetic and wise guidance of a student into the 
profession for which he is best adapted, and where he 
can be of the largest Christian service. 

Official vocational guidance in the college 

As in the case of other forms of work the first 
advice here is — know what is already being done. 
Some universities have vocational guidance depart- 
ments under psychologists who have at their disposal 
delicate instruments by which they can measure nerve 
reactions and test the keenness of the student's facul- 
ties. This is not the kind of vocational guidance 
which the minister can or should give to the students 
who come to him for advice. But it is necessary for 
him to know the extent of this work, and especially 

83 



The Church at Work in College and University 

whether those in charge give the student opportunity 
for a fair consideration of such callings as the min- 
istry or the mission field. Too often this work is 
purely utilitarian, taking no account of the "altruis- 
tic" callings. 

Unofficial life work guidance in the Associations 

It is also well for the minister to know what the 
Associations endeavor to do in this regard. Their 
work will be similar to his and he should work in 
close harmony with them. It is a part of the policy 
of the Associations, when helping a student on the 
problem of life work, to send him to his pastor for 
consultation. The Student Department of the In- 
ternational Committee of the Y. M. C. A.^s has given 
this matter much thought. The guiding principles 
set before the college Association secretaries are as 
follows : 

"(1) We must aim to lead every man to conse- 
crate himself according to the principles of ^The 
Christian Man's Fundamental Life Work Decision'.* 



* This is a card widely used in Association conferences, 
Bible classes, etc. When signed it is not put on record or 
filed anywhere; it is rather of the nature of a Bible book- 
mark, or a constant reminder to the individual. 

"I will live my life under God for others rather than for 
myself, for the advancement of the Kingdom of God rather 
than my personal success. 

"I will not drift into my life work, but I will do my 
utmost by prayer, investigation, meditation, and service to 
discover that form and place of life work in which I can 
become of the largest use to the Kingdom of God. 

"As I find it I will follow it under the leadership of 
Jesus Christ, wheresoever it take me, cost what it may." 

84 



Guiding the Studenfs Life Purposes 

(2) We must recognize tliat the so-called secular 
callings bulk larger in the average student's thought 
than the so-called vicarious callings. Our duty is to 
present the latter strongly, so that they may have 
their proper perspective in the college man's think- 
ing, and to recruit for these callings among suitable 
men. (3) We must make every man realize the full 
implications, individual and social, of being a Chris- 
tian in the so-called secular callings. (4) We must 
recognize the supreme duty of vocational guidance in 
aiding men to discover their qualifications and in 
helping them to find the type and place of work for 
which they are fitted." 

The privilege of advising students about life work 

The minister in a college town should regard it as 
a great privilege to advise the college students about 
life work. Nothing enables one to enter more deeply 
into another's life and personality. Hopes and aspi- 
rations of a great future lie before each student. His 
attitude toward them shows his inner life. The min- 
ister has a chance here to suggest many things neces- 
sary to the spiritual development of the youth. The 
choosing of a profession is a long process, and the 
minister and the student can become very intimate 
through many interviews. If the clergyman lets it 
be known that he desires to help in this matter, and 
above all if the students tell one another that they 
have been benefited, there will be many who will 
come for advice. This is especially true of sopho- 
mores and juniors. The freshman is too busy adjust- 
ing himself to college life to bother much about the 

85 



The Church at Work in College and University 

future. Any student is in an nnhappy state of mind 
who comes toward the end of his undergraduate days 
without his further steps being determined. 

The tendency to drift into a life work, with all 
that this implies as to flabbiness of character, is all 
too common among college men. Women students face 
another difficulty. Their parents expect them to re- 
turn and settle down to the former round of home 
duties until they marry. Thus there is opposition to 
any talk of professional life. The college girl, how- 
ever, has felt the great impulse stirring within her to 
play her part in the world and give her trained mind 
to the service of mankind. She is restive and un- 
happy in the face of parental disapproval of her 
ambitions. She is in great need of advice, and the 
Church worker must not shrink from giving it merely 
because it might appear an encouragement to break 
home ties. We are in a new era and parents must 
realize that the love which makes them desire to hold 
their daughter at home and shield her from life's con- 
flict is perhaps selfish. Of course, it is to be under- 
stood that if there is real need for the girl at home, 
because of sick or aged parents, her duty lies there. 

How life work guidance can be given 

There are many ways of giving help in the choice 
of life-work. The most obvious of these is the sermon 
or address. Once a year a sermon should be preached 
from every pulpit on the Christian principle of stew- 
ardship of life. To balance it there should be one on 
the stewardship of wealth. With these fundamental 
principles clearly before him, the student can safely 

86 



Guiding the Students Life Purposes 

survey all professions to find that for which he is 
fitted, knowing that whichever he chooses he will 
render both God and man the maximum of unselfish 
service. 

Interviews will follow any striking public utter- 
ance on this subject. Students will seek out the man 
who has a message for them. The interview may help 
in reaching a decision, or it may be the first of a series 
of conferences. Sometimes the Church worker has 
to go behind the question of the particular profession 
to the fundamental one of consecration. 

Books and pamphlets are of special value in this 
matter. They will give a much fuller message than 
can be spoken in a brief interview, and the student 
can return to them often for review and more careful 
consideration of their contents. There is a large selec- 
tion of pamphlets available on choosing a life work, 
on the ministry, and on all aspects of work on the 
mission field. A few can be found on each of the 
major professions. One publishing house has in 
preparation a series of books on the various profes- 
sions, which will be very valuable.* Much use should 
be made of the best biographies. Through them the 
student catches the spirit of unselfish service which 
has animated the great men and women of the human 
race. 

To some degree the student's studies will influence 
his choice of life work. If the minister knows the 
vocational values of the courses in the college curric- 
ulum, he will be in a position to advise helpfully. 

* The Macmillan Company. 

87 



The Church at Work in College and University^ 

One reason for an early decision as to life work is that 
thereby an undergraduate can lay a better foundation 
for his profession by taking subjects in his arts course 
which will have value in his future work. 

The clergyman working with students should see 
the value of deciding the question of life work in the 
best and most uplifting surroundings. This is no- 
where more true than at the student Y. M. and Y. W. 
C. A. and Missionary Education Movement summer 
conferences. Every student who is uncertain about 
his career ought to go to one of these ten days' gather- 
ings. Even if he arrives at no actual decision, the 
impulse to unselfish service will become a ruling pas- 
sion in his life. These conferences furnish perhaps 
the determining factor in the decisions of a large 
number of college men and women who enter the 
ministry, or go into social service, or journey to for- 
eign lands in the Church's Mission. 

Recruiting vs. guidance 

For some vocations our clergy in college com- 
munities must insistently call for volunteers. The 
Church has no means of conscription like the state, 
but her agents can search out qualified young people, 
state the case, and pray that the Holy Spirit may 
bring them to a right decision. They can be recruit- 
ing officers. The "altruistic" callings are all under- 
manned. They offer no financial or social rewards, 
and often every characteristic of heroism must be dis- 
played by those who espouse them. As examples of 
these vocations we might specify the mission field, 
the ministry, the work of the deaconess, the religious 

86 



Cuiding the Student's Life Purposes 

life, social service work, and Churcli work for women. 
Unless the minister is in earnest in this matter the 
Church may some day find herself without a due 
supply of priests and other leaders for her work at 
home and abroad. Indeed that day is not far distant, 
unless the returning armies furnish large numbers of 
young men willing to transfer their warfare to an- 
other sphere. In discussing each of these callings a 
few words will be devoted to such training for them 
as college can afford. 

Social service througliout life 

Mr. Crouch, of our Social Service Commission, 
has clearly set forth the manner in which a college 
trained man or woman can share in social service 
work. "The college student on graduation will have 
three opportunities of social service. He may enter 
upon social service as an actual vocation^ in which he 
will earn his daily bread while at the same time serv- 
ing his fellows. To this end he will probably, if not 
necessarily, follow his college course with a course in 
some school of philanthropy. Many of the larger 
universities offer courses in philanthropy which pre- 
pare for social service as a profession. This voca- 
tional aspect of social work is of increasing interest 
to college men and women throughout the country — 
or was before the War and must be afterward — 
though, at the same time, it will still continue to 
enlist only a minority of college graduates. In the 
second place, the college graduate may engage in 
social service as an avocation, using therein his 
margin of time, energy, and resources after his day's 

89 



The Church at Work in College and University) 

work is ended. It is this avocational social service 
which, the Church has perforce been stimulating dur- 
ing recent years. In itself it is good, but alone it is 
not sufficient for the task of social reconstruction 
which must come after the War. In the third place, 
the college graduate — and this applies to the large 
majority — ^may, and if he is to justify himself and 
his education, must, serve his fellows in and through 
the vocation or occupation which he has chosen as best 
fitted to his individual capacity and predilection. 
This type of service is open to the business man, the 
doctor, the lawyer, teacher, etc." 

Such training as can be obtained in the average 
college has already been set forth in the sections in 
the last chapter which deal with college social service. 
By these acts of practical community service the 
student gets "laboratory experience", though usually 
of an unsupervised and desultory character. But he 
learns the joy of helping others, discovers the latent 
possibilities in all men, and broadens his sympathies. 
All that is pure gain and a quite sufficient return for 
the time and energy expended. 

Church work for women 

The field of work for women in the Church is con- 
stantly widening. The pity of it is that the Church 
is slow in standardizing the positions and the training 
necessary for them. When a rector discovers that he 
needs help along a certain line, he finds a girl in his 
parish and trains her for the position. In most cases 
he could have had a trained worker, if enough en- 
couragement were given capable college girls to pre- 

90 



Guiding the Siudent*s Life Purposes 

pare for such positions as religious teachers, parish 
visitors, community workers, and rector's secretaries. 
The day is coming when these callings will be as fully 
recognized as that of the deaconess, and if college 
women will press forward into salaried Church work, 
taking what is offered under present conditions, they 
can shape the future for their successors. 

For some of these lines of work the student can 
make preparation in college. She can read Church 
history and polity under guidance of a clergyman. A 
normal training course can be taken with a group, 
or singly by correspondence, under direction of the 
General Board of Eeligious Education, so that at the 
end of her college career she will have qualified her- 
self to receive the diploma of the Board as a trained 
and accredited religious teacher. Any amount of ex- 
perience in Sunday school or religious teaching can 
be obtained through the local church or the college 
Y. W. C. A. Such training is not enough, however, 
to prepare one for directing the religious education 
work of a parish, for lecturing, or for giving week- 
day religious instruction recognized by public schools. 
There are three Church training schools for women 
workers which will give this advanced training.* 



* For information about the Church Training Schools 
for Women, address the Eev. William E. Gardner, D.D., 
Warden of the New York Training School for Deaconesses, 
Cathedral Close, New York; Deaconess Clara Carter, the 
Church Training and Deaconess House, 708 Spruce Street, 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; or Rev. E. L. Parsons, D.D., 
Warden of the Deaconess Training School of the Pacific. 2629 
Haste Street, Berkeley, California. All of these schools 
admit special students, 

91 



The Church at Work in College and University 

The social-religious worker sliould have special 
preparation. She must be thoroughly conversant 
with all forms of charity, juvenile, and municipal cor- 
rection work, she must have some knowledge of nurs- 
ing and the preparation of food, and she must have 
administrative skill. The Church schools mentioned 
above give this training, and certain of the larger uni- 
versities afford a great variety of courses from which 
selection can be made so that the student will be 
trained, chiefly, however, on the side of social work. 
Teachers' College of Columbia University has stand- 
ardized this work, and with the M. A. degree offers a 
diploma as a social-religious worker. The "labora- 
tory*' work of this course is done under close super- 
vision in New York City churches and institutions. 
An interdenominational committee cooperates in the 
^^aboratory" work of students preparing for Church 
work, and some scholarships are available for these 
students. 

The girl who elects secretarial work can find all 
the technical training she needs in any university. 
She will, however, need to study questions of Church 
organization, etc., so as to be more intelligent in her 
work than the ordinary stenographer. She would 
also need to know the latest methods of card indexing 
and filing as applied to Church business. 

For some time to come there will not be many 
such opportunities for salaried work. But the Church 
must give volunteer service for women a larger place 
than is now customary. There is great resentment 
among women who have done so much in the War 
that the Church offers them so few opportunities for 

92 



Guiding the Student's Life Purposes 

leadership. The same warning note is being sounded 
in England. Our college women will train themselves 
for Church service, paid or unpaid, if they see the 
chance to be of use. But if no such opportunity offers 
they will turn to social service and undenominational 
religious movements. 

The parish executive or business manager 

A few large churches are setting the example of 
having unordained men of business ability or training 
serve as their business administrators and financial 
agents. Such an ofiicer would watch out for the 
material affairs of every organization, engage and 
control the many employed workers in a large church 
plant, know the schedule and availability for certain 
tasks of each volunteer worker, manage parish func- 
tions, attend to the publicity and advertising work of 
the parish, keep careful watch over the church fabric, 
have office hours, and interview many of the people 
who try to interest the rector in a thousand and one 
projects for the better running of his parish. Such 
a man would not be a secretary, neither would he be 
a sexton. He would be an executive and an ^^efficiency 
expert", if we may venture to use the term. This is 
not yet a recognized position for which a student 
could prepare himself at present, for so far it is only 
the largest city churches which have such officers, all 
of whom were mature business men when called to 
their posts. Yet certain courses in administration, 
economics, and sociology would go a long way toward 
preparing a man ultimately to fill such a position. 
Some day it will be a recognized profession or branch 

93 



The Church at Work in College and University 

of Church work. Mr. Eugene Camp, of the Seabury 
Society of New York, argues for such a parish officer 
in every well-established parish. He calls him the 
"parish master", and considers the small parish cap- 
able of using men who give only part time on a 
moderate salary to this administrative work. 

The ministry and other offices for which one is 
ordained or set apart 

The presentation of the ministry is one of the 
major responsibilities of the college worker. He 
must search out highly qualified college men, and 
discourage those manifestly unfit.- 

This is not an appeal for quantity alone. Our 
ministers had better be too few than of poor quality. 
The evil in the present situation lies in the fact that 
Bishops are forced to accept most of those that apply 
because they have parishes and missions which must 
be manned. If the Church seriously enters on a 
movement to find men for her ministry, she can place 
her standards at the highest notch, and rest assured 
that she will secure the men who will reach them. 
What is needed is not a wholesale call and sentimental 
God-speed to all volunteers, but a careful "hand-pick- 
ing'' of the choicest college students. This is not 
overlooking the divine element in the call. Human 
agents are needed to phrase it. The Holy Spirit will 
consecrate our common sense. 

There are many ways of presenting the ministry 
to college men. There are, of course, the sermon, the 
interview, and the use of biographies and pamphlet 
literature. If a minister takes a student into Ms con- 

94 



Guiding the Student* s Life Purposes 

fidence it will have a great effect, for if the young man 
can see the real problems of the ministry, and learn in 
an intimate way how the pastor meets them, how he 
uses his time, how he studies and prepares his ser- 
mons, it will personalize all this thinking on this 
subject. 

But the most effective way of catching the atten- 
tion of the partially interested man is an "institute" 
arranged in conjunction with the Y. M. C. A. secre- 
taries and the Church workers. By "institute" is 
meant the gathering in a meeting of those men who 
are interested in the ministry or who are of such 
ability as to be desirable material for the ministry, 
such a meeting lasting for an afternoon or evening, 
or from Saturday night to Sunday night. In the 
former case supper would probably be served to the 
group. These men are chosen by the entire staff of 
religious workers, i. e., Association secretaries and 
college pastors or the ministers of churches in the 
college community. The invitations are issued per- 
sonally and the students invited are expected to 
attend all of the sessions. 

There should be more than one speaker at the in- 
stitute, and ample opportunity should be given for 
the asking of questions and for informal conference. 
The ministry should be presented from every angle 
and especially should there be a clear statement of its 
difficulties and hardships. It is the appeal to the 
heroic which has won men in these days of supreme 
sacrifice. Our students must be led to see the unique 
opportunity of the Church in the days of reconstruc- 
tion which are following the War. 

95 



The Church at Work in College and University 

The advantages of the institute as compared with 
any other method of presenting the ministry are the 
following: it makes sure of an important audience, 
even though the group may not be large ; the ministry 
is presented from a number of angles — a presentation 
by one man never tells the whole story; it enables 
those present to judge the ministry by several person- 
alities rather than by one ; there is a fuller opportunity 
given for questions and discussion than is possible at 
a brief meeting with a single address; it lays a full 
and complete foundation on which the Church repre- 
sentatives can buildj by their own work and by visits 
from national Church leaders; and it brings to the 
presentation an element of good-fellowship and social 
contact which is lacking at a larger single meeting. 

With regard to woman's work in the Church, there 
should also be similar institutes or meetings at which 
the various opportunities for service may be clearly 
and persuasively set forth. The "religious life", with 
its order and discipline, its complete separation from 
the world, and its emphasis on devotion, will make an 
appeal to some ; while the Order of Deaconesses, with 
its historical background, its training both devotional 
and practical, its adaptability to the needs of modern 
parochial life, will suggest a vocation of happiness and 
great usefulness to others. As our Sisterhoods grow 
in numbers and power, they will look to the colleges 
to furnish them with novices ; while the less sheltered 
life of the deaconess requires women of vigor, intelli- 
gence, and entire consecration if the Order is to realize 
its possibilities in the new era upon which we are 
entering. 

96 



Guiding the Student's Life Purposed 

What has just been said about religious orders for 
women applies with equal force to those for men. 
There is a great need to-day for men to be set apart 
to do for the whole Church what the parish priest or 
the overburdened administrative officers of the di- 
oceses and Church Boards cannot do, in the way of 
preaching and teaching missions, retreats, study, 
writing, intercession, conducting schools and institu- 
tions, etc. The modern monk is not secluded, but is 
out in the thick of the world's busy affairs. We must 
not forget, however, that these works are the outward 
expression of inner strength, and that the religious 
life with its special rules is the essential feature in a 
monastic order. 

The clergy in our college communities should 
know how to give intelligent advice on these matters, 
or at least how to direct the student where informa- 
tion may be secured. Special training is of course 
provided by the Church in her own institutions for 
candidates for the ministry, and for women who wish 
to give their lives to her service; but if the decision 
as to vocation be made early enough in the student^s 
college career, the choice of proper studies may 
greatly enhance his or her future usefulness. So, 
too, the use of the student's spare time is an im- 
portant matter. All the service that can be rendered 
in church and community will prove of great value 
in later life. 

Missionary service 

There is danger in discussing missions of falling 
into the old distinction of thinking of ministers as 

97 



The Church at Work in College and University 

those who work solely in the home land, and of mis- 
sionaries as those who work on the foreign field. This 
is a great mistake. The worker in the slums of an 
Eastern city, or the Southern mountains, or the 
Western plains, is as much a missionary as the man or 
woman who goes to China or Brazil. 

Yet when we have made clear that by the ministry 
we mean ordained service anywhere in the world, we 
must speak specifically of foreign work. We must 
raise the vision of our college youth to foreign lands. 
They must see still existing the sin and suffering, the 
oppression and exploitation, the caste and class dis- 
tinctions which we fought in Europe to stamp out. 
Above all they must see the failure of non- Christian 
religions to meet the needs of men. They must rec- 
ognize that the decision to be a teacher, or a doctor, 
or a clergyman, is not enough. There lies the further 
question of where this service shall be rendered. The 
proportion of men and women who are physically 
able or properly qualified to go to the foreign field is 
so small that the burden of proof is on those who are 
able to go to show why they should stay at home. 
Here, more than anywhere else in her recruiting pro- 
gramme, the Church must look to her ministers and 
other workers in college towns to furnish her a due 
supply of missionaries. 

What it means to be a "student volunteer" 

The Student Volunteer Movement is the greatest 
aid the college worker has in this presentation of the 
call. Its conferences, conventions, literature, mission 
study and local bands have already been referred to. 

98 



Guiding the Students Life Purposes 

In addition it sends through the colleges each year a 
number of college graduates who are themselves 
volunteers under appointment of their mission 
boards, or who are missionaries on furlough. These 
Secretaries are able to meet the students who are 
interested, publicly present the call of the mission 
field, and interview personally those who wish to 
know more about the work or who feel they can re- 
spond to the call. A student becomes a student 
volunteer by signing the declaration card of the Move- 
ment, which states : "It is my purpose, if God permit, 
to become a foreign missionary.^^ The card is sent in 
to the offices of the Movement, where it is filed. 
Thenceforth the volunteer receives letters and printed 
matter, and is followed up and advised in a general 
way. His name is also sent to the mission board of 
the Church to which he belongs, and the Church 
authorities follow him up in their own way. 

Many people in our Church have objected to this 
way of securing volunteers, saying that it is wrong 
to "pledge^' a young man or woman to a life-long 
task. But the card is not a pledge. It is freely with- 
drawn on application. It should be signed only by 
those who have given the matter much thought and 
prayer, and are ready for their friends and college 
mates to know their decision. The decision to enter 
any vocation must be announced sooner or later. 
Those who know the work of the mission field say 
that sooner is better than later. A missionary is not 
made in a day. As his life is to be spent in a foreign 
land, the more he can learn about that country and 
its customs the better. Eeadjustments in point of 

99 



The Church at Work in College and University 

view are so great on the foreign jBeld that a person 
needs to live with the idea of being a missionary for 
many years to be able to stand the sudden and com- 
plete change which is inevitable. The Movement is 
right in urging students to decide and not dally with 
the call.* 

But the decision can be reversed in view of later 
happenings or further guidance. The card itself 
states : 

"To be a student volunteer does not mean that 
one has ^pledged^ himself to become a foreign mission- 
ary. He has registered his purpose to become a for- 
eign missionary, but this declaration of purpose is 
not and has never been interpreted by the responsible 
leaders of the Student Volunteer Movement as a 
^pledge'; for it in no sense withdraws him from the 
subsequent guidance of the Holy Spirit. It should 
be made clear, however, that this ^declaration of pur- 
pose' is not merely an expression of willingness or 
desire to become a foreign missionary. It is the 
statement of a definite purpose, and it means that so 



* As a matter of fact, the decisions are not made by 
the very young. A study of 4,555 blanks filled out by 
students when they volunteer reveals that 4 per cent, were 
under 16 years of age when they volunteered, 5 per cent, 
between 16 and 18, 61 per cent, between 19 and 25, 21 per 
cent, from 26 to 30, and 9 per cent, over 30 years of age. 
The Movement discourages decisions from school boys and 
college freshmen. A study of the blanks also reveals the 
fact that "the time a student has seriously considered 
foreign missions as a life work up to the time when he 
finally decides to become a foreign missionary is about two 
years". (See Bibliography of this book.) 

100 



Guiding the Students Life Purposes 

far as the student is able to interpret God's will for 
Ms life, he believes the vocation of a foreign mission- 
ary to be God's plan for him. It is understood that 
when a student signs the ^declaration', he records his 
purpose which has been formed after careful and 
prayerful consideration, to become a foreign mission- 
ary, if God permit." 

Preparation for foreign missionary work 

Work on the foreign field is as varied as work here 
at home. The special preparation a student receives 
will vary according to the type of work he is to do, 
whether ministerial, educational, medical, etc. But 
there is much that the clergyman who advises him in 
his college days can do to help him prepare in a more 
general way. To this end he should be familiar with 
the publications of the Board of Missionary Prepara- 
tion, which has fully covered all phases of missionary- 
work. If the student is not going to a theological 
seminary or a deaconess training school, most of the 
necessary knowledge of Church life and doctrine must 
be acquired in college. The responsibility for advis- 
ing at every stage of preparation should be thrown 
back on the Board of Missions. Some Secretary 
should follow the student personally from the time of 
volunteering until the time of appointment. 

The candidate Secretary of the mission board 

The best agent for giving such advice would be a 
candidate Secretary who would have this as his sole 
responsibility. Such a Secretary begins an investiga- 
tion and study of all applicants as soon as names 

101 



The Church at Work in College and University) 

are received. A clear-cut standard of qualifications 
would enable him to discourage unfit applicants and 
direct the rest as to their farther preparation. Eyery 
Church visitant of the college should meet the student 
volunteer and report his or her impressions to the 
candidate Secretary. Thus the Board of Missions 
would have at its disposal a considerable number of 
independent estimates of the student on which to base 
their opinion. If the candidate Secretary is to meet 
his obligations to the student, and advise him aright 
in preparation and choice of field, he must be familiar 
with the work of every missionary district — even to 
details. He should be thoroughly posted on the 
Board's present and future demands for each. He 
should be an authority on the problems of prepara- 
tion, knowing the courses of study which will fit can- 
didates for different phases of the work and for work 
in different countries, and knowing also the special 
preparation required for work among people of differ- 
ent religions. He should be something of a voca- 
tional expert, able to give proper advice to the student 
who cannot decide between ministerial, teaching, or 
medical work on the field. Sooner or later, while 
they are yet students, the candidate Secretary must 
come to know personally every one on his list who 
hopes to do missionary work. 

Cultivating and advising promising students 

]N'eedless to say even such a paragon of a Secretary 
could not do all that is necessar}' with relation to the 
candidate. The college worker must serve as his eyes 
and his mouth to observe and advise the student with 

102 



Guiding the Students Life Purposes 

whom he has frequent contact. Then, too, all who 
visit the colleges in the name of the Chnrch must do 
their share. There is a duplicate card catalogue kept 
at the office of the Board of Missions and the General 
Board of Eeligious Education of promising young 
people who should be "cultivated^^ A Board Secre- 
tary who visits a college takes along memoranda of 
all the students listed as desirable material for the 
Churches work at that institution, and tries to have a 
conference with each personally. A report goes back 
which is entered on the student^ s card. Thus the 
student is guided in preparation for life service, and 
the Boards are helped in estimating his or her ability. 
The Church college workers can render no greater 
service than by sending in names of the most able and 
earnest students so that they may come into the view 
of the Church's recruiting officers. This is the near- 
est approach that has so far been made to personal 
selection of those who will be leaders in the tasks of 
the next generation. 

The call to the heroic 

There is one final word. In all life work presen- 
tation it is the appeal to the heroic which will win the 
student. If the task is not big enough it will not 
appeal. Difficulties and hardships are no drawback. 
They are expected. The recruiting officer who apol- 
ogizes for poor pay, much criticism, lack of apprecia- 
tion, etc., will win no volunteers. Describe the task 
as hard, the work as glorious, the reward as human 
friendships and spiritual development, and the 
student will follow where his Lord has gone before. 

103 



CHAPTEK IX 

The Place of the Faculty in Student Work 
Importance of the faculty in Church student work 

The professors are the permanent personal ele- 
ments of a university. As such they are the ones 
most vitally interested in the university's welfare. If 
faithful Churchmen, they are equally interested in the 
parish church. They form the link from one rector 
to another. Many professors serve on vestries, giving 
more time and thought to Church matters than do 
most business men. Some are high in diocesan and 
provincial affairs. 

The ideals and teaching of the professors in the 
long run determine the traditions and tone of the 
university, however much the student may believe the 
creation of college sentiment to be his particular field. 
Their lectures determine the mental outlook of the 
young people who listen to them, and their social 
ideals shape the student's passion for service the 
rest of his life. They are in closer and more influen- 
tial contact with the students than any other older 
people. 

Furthermore their attitude affects the community. 
The section around a university in a large city is 
something of a world in itself. There may not be 

104 



The Place of the Facult}^ in Student Work 

mucli of the "town and gown" antagonism, but there 
is a higher cultural stratum than prevails elsewhere 
and fewer material interests. The influence of the 
faculty of a college in a small town goes without 
sa3dng. The attitude of the professors toward the 
Church will surely be reflected in the attitude of 
the students. If they are faithful and earnest, 
the students will take a much more serious view of the 
Church, and vice versa. 

A. USING PROFESSORS IN WORK WITH STUDENTS 

Manifestly, since the members of the faculty are 
so important, they should be greatly used in student 
work. The rector can ill-afford to neglect the fac- 
ulty in his ministrations, if for no other reason than 
that he is thereby losing his most important helpers. 
Nor should he fritter away their energies with tasks 
less important than student work. More than once 
students have wanted to use a professor as a discussion 
group leader, only to find a rector unwilling to give 
him up as a Sunday school teacher. 

The professor's teaching 

The most obvious influence of the professor with 
his students is through his teaching. Consequently 
the clergyman cannot be indifferent to what is being 
said in the classroom. He must either build upon 
what the professor says or give the necessary correc- 
tion to anti-religious teaching. Every subject offers 
opportunity to the earnest professor to say a helpful 
word about the moral and spiritual aspects of life, and 
to show by the reverence of his attitude the reality of 

103 



The Church at Work in College and University 

religion in his own life. In any case, the professor's 
teaching and example can be thrown on the side of 
sonnd morality, without his being like the old-fash- 
ioned "preacher- teacher". It is the privilege of his 
rector to inspire him to do this. 

Contact of professor and student 

As long as the contact between a student and his 
professor is limited to the classroom, the influence 
of the professor will be largely that of his teaching. 
The student may respect him, but he will not "knoV" , 
him. For such knowledge personal relations should 
be cultivated. If what we have said about the in- 
fluence of the faculty be true, the Church is losing 
greatly when good Churchmen on the faculty are not 
coming into close contact with the Episcopal students. 
It ought not to be hard in a conference with the in- 
terested faculty Churchmen to go over the list of new 
students, find which professors have natural contact 
with certain students, and arrange for their enter- 
tainment in the professors' homes. One or two such 
invitations would immediately make the student's 
surroundings homelike. The student's attitude tow- 
ard the church and the desire of the professor's family 
to see him there would be perfectly natural topics of 
conversation. A cordial invitation to sit in the pro- 
fessor's pew would not be without its effect, even 
though the student went to another. The friendships 
thus formed would continue throughout the student's 
coUege career, and each professor would be sur- 
rounded by a group of Episcopal students over whom 
he would have special influence. 

106 



The Place of the Faculty in Student Work 
Using professors as spiritual guides for tlie students 

Many colleges have adopted a system of faculty 
advisers for the students. The incoming student is 
assigned to a professor who is supposed to advise him 
about his work, and to whom the student is expected 
to go with any problems or worries he may have. 
Often this relationship is purely formal, usually it is 
friendly and influential but not very close, and some- 
times real intimacy results. The system is produc- 
tive of much good, and binds the faculty and the 
students together to a remarkable degree. Why can- 
not the same thing be done in Church work? Of 
course it would have to be very informal. No power 
could assign a student to a professor, and cause him 
to go to the professor to talk over religious matters. 
But professors could agree to watch over the spiritual 
nurture of certain students, speaking a word in 
season as the friendship developed. Church work 
permeated with the principle of personal effort for 
the student by the professors would be a success be- 
yond the highest dreams of a priest who works single- 
handed among the students. Other communions 
succeed better than we do in this respect, partly be- 
cause they make more of the social element in such 
work than we do, and partly because their church 
relationships are less formal than ours. 

This personal relationship in the case of women 
students is obviously the same when the professor is 
a woman. When the professor is a man, his wife can 
often establish the same helpful friendship with her 
husband^s pupils. Thus certain Churchwomen of the 
faculty group connected with our chapel at the Uni- 

107 



The Church at Work in College and UniversitXf 

versity of Illinois have each, accepted responsibility 
for six Chnrch girls in a '%ig sister" relationship. 
Indeed the wife is able, both for men and women 
students, to supply the home element that college life 
lacks. If the home is a true Church home, with grace 
at meals, and family prayers, the impression made 
upon the student is never forgotten. 

Acts of kindly service 

There are many acts of kindly service and Chris- 
tian courtesy which will do much to bind a professor 
to his students. Even such simple things count as 
extending good wishes to a student on the eve of a 
vacation, or congratulating him on college honors 
which he has won. A letter to the student's parents 
commending his work yields results which repay 
many fold the trouble taken. Visiting a sick student 
in his room or in the hospital is the most telling 
thing that a professor can do. A delicacy from the 
professor's table or flowers from the garden lighten 
an iUness. If the professor^s wife can call on her 
husband's students when they are sick she will exer- 
cise a most helpful ministry. 

Such suggestions may seem out of place in a large 
university, where a professor may have several 
hundred students in his classes. We are, however, 
referring to the relation of the Churchmen to the 
Episcopal students, which is not so large a problem. 

Professors and tlie Ciiurchmen's organization 

The more interested professors should make it a 
point to be at the meetings of the Churchmen's 

108 



The Place of the Faculty in Student Work 

society. They can contribute many things of the 
greatest value to the meeting. It is necessary, how- 
ever, to utter a word of caution here. The students 
will leave all the talking to the professors if care is 
not exercised. Furthermore the faculty members of 
the organization may put a damper on the enthusiasm 
of the students. Being the permanent elements in 
the society they have an unhappy way of remembering 
that such and such a thing did not work when tried 
a few years ago. Some student who is really using 
his brains is thus publicly crushed, and relapses into 
silence. What did not work one year may succeed 
another under different leadership. Professors can 
be of great use in committees. The attendance of 
the professor at social meetings of the society is most 
important. 

Using professors in the Services 

It is of very great importance that professors be 
given an opportunity to bear their witness in public. 
There are various ways. They may act as servers or 
as lay-readers. The reading of the lessons could with 
great profit be assigned to professors. They are used 
to large audiences and to reading intelligibly in 
public. They should not have any of the unction or 
mannerisms which so frequently spoil the reading of 
the Services. Professors should always be among the 
ushers, distinguished by a college button or other in- 
signia. This will at once make a student feel at 
home in the church, for the professor will easily rec- 
ognize him as a student and give him special atten- 
tion. Some professors wiU, of course, be able to sing 

109 



The Church at Work in College and University 

in the choir. All of these acts of service, however 
slight, set an example to the student, who may hesi- 
tate to offer himself lest he seem to be too pious. 

Professors as speakers 

Certain professors have a very real religious mes- 
sage to give the students and opportunity should be 
furnished. Some of the meetings of the Church- 
men^s society will furnish this opportunity. Often 
professors can be used very effectively as Sunday 
night speakers in the church. The fact that they 
are considered by the students as authorities, or at 
least as independent and fearless thinkers, gives their 
religious message great weight. One important 
reason for professors to be frequently so used, is that 
by this means a Christian intellectual atmosphere can 
be created in a university, and much of the harm of 
the non-spiritual or anti-spiritual teaching in certain 
classrooms can be offset. Too frequently a deeply 
spiritual professor does not say all he would like to 
say in the classroom, for fear he might be considered 
as preaching or offending good taste in a non-sectarian 
atmosphere. Xo such restraint is laid on his non- 
spiritual colleague, for somehow attacks on religion 
are considered quite in keeping with the freedom of 
thought of a university, while defense of religion is 
taboo. Such opportunities to speak as have been 
suggested give the professor his chance to bear wit- 
ness publicly to the faith that is in him. The mere 
announcement on the bulletin board is not without its 
effect, and a good write-up in the college paper will 
do a world of good. The rector in arranging such 

110 



The Place of the Faculty^ in Student Work 

addresses has to be on his guard that the professor 
does not ride some useless hobby, and do more harm 
than good. 

Another important use of the religious teaching 
power of the faculty Churchmen is the leading of 
Bible and mission study classes or religious discussion 
groups. It takes a man of rare gifts to do this work, 
for to be really successful he must not lecture, as he 
does in his own courses, but draw out the views of the 
members of the group without being dictatorial or 
impatient. Yet when this leading is properly done, 
the professor is the most influential person for the 
work. 

Professors should accompany students to religious 
conferences as fellow-delegates. Few contacts with 
students offer greater opportunities for Christian 
service and witness than this. The intimacy of a 
conference leads the student to open up to his more 
mature companion in a way he would not do on the 
campus. The atmosphere of a conference keeps the 
professor spiritually fresh and young, and what 
he learns keeps him thoroughly posted on college 
religious work. 

A few cautions 

Professors are very hard worked men. The 
pressure of work connected with preparation for 
teaching, correcting of papers, reading of theses, con- 
ducting research, and production of literature is 
enormous. Many a young professor must wait five 
or six years for freedom to do the little extra things 

111 



The Church at Work in College and University 

which give him a useful place in the university 
community. 

A college teacher is not usually wealthy, and any- 
thing in the way of costly entertainment of students 
must not be expected of him. He is fair game for 
every organization in the university which is hunting 
for contributions. He must buy a season ticket to 
the football games, whether he can afford it or can 
attend. The college annual takes the money intended 
for more useful literature. With far more reason the 
Church can ask for support, but there is a limit, and 
the rector should recognize this fact. In entertaining 
students slight refreshment counts as much as more 
costly, and puts the student more at ease. A plate of 
fruit or a "smoke" passed during an evening call will 
often accomplish as much as an invitation to a meal. 

Professors have their human limitations. The 
college clergyman should appreciate this fact in 
assigning work. He should endeavor to use many 
professors in definite ways, as teachers, advisers, 
etc. Unfortunately a few professors may not be 
usable at all. Some are unpopular with the students, 
while others may be so overzealous in their religious 
work as to have acquired the reputation of cant and 
hypocrisy. Occasionally one may flaunt his Church- 
manship to such an extent that the student suspects 
his religion to be of a narrow-gauge type. Such men, 
even if most willing to help, must be given work 
away from the campus, where they will have a less 
critical audience. The faithful rector can sometimes 
cause the over-zealous or bigoted professor to see 
things differently and to modify his methods. He 

112 



The Place of the Faculty in Student Work 

should not shrink from this personal work. He 
should remember that he is the rector and spiritual 
guide of the professors as well as of the students. 

B. WORK WITH THE PEOFESSORS THEMSELVES 
The professor aids the minister 

We have spoken of the work with the faculty 
chiefly from the standpoint of the contribution the 
professor can make to the work with the students. 
The professor has also a contribution to make to the 
minister himself. The contact with specialists in so 
many realms of thought cannot but broaden a clergy- 
man. Defects in his training can be remedied by 
wise use of the opportunities of conversation, attend- 
ance at lectures, and reading under guidance of the 
professor concerned. A minister should accept invi- 
tations to join faculty clubs, and give considerable 
time to their meetings and discussions. He should 
himself have faculty advisers, just as we have ad- 
vocated them for students, for he needs advice with 
regard to individuals or problems in his college work, 
or information about the history and traditions of the 
university, etc. A small group of the Churchmen on 
the faculty should be holding informal conferences 
with the minister at intervals to check up the progress 
and plans of the student work. 

Parish boards of religious education 

A more formal advisory relation might be es- 
tablished by the organization of a religious education 
board for the parish with several of the faculty serv- 

113 



The Church at Work in College and University 

ing with the townspeople. This would have a tonic 
effect on the educational side of the parish. The 
Sunday school would immediately feel the supervision 
of such a board, and the parish would become more 
aware of its duty to the college students. This board 
would give helpful advice with regard to courses of 
lectures which members of the college faculty might 
give to parish organizations. In the time which is 
surely coming, when public schools will give credit 
for proper Bible teaching done in the churches of a 
conimunity, such a board would command immediate 
respect from the school authorities. 

The minister aids the professor 

On the other hand the professor needs the help of 
the minister perhaps more than he would be willing 
to admit. Constant teaching of one subject, and 
living within the circle of ideas of one department of 
a university, tends almost certainly to narrowness of 
vision. It is the religious teacher's business to see 
life as a whole, to discover the unifying and coor- 
dinating elements, and to give the spiritual interpre- 
tation of the universe. He is to proclaim a spiritual 
philosophy. However lacking he may be in detailed 
knowledge, the well-trained minister has an unerring 
instinct for seeing beneath the surface of things and 
weighing their values. If he can convince the pro- 
fessors that he has sympathy and intellectual honesty, 
he will be of tremendous influence in the university. 
If he is dogmatic and refuses to reason things out, 
merely appealing to authority, he is out of his place, 

114 



The Place of the Faculty^ in Student Work 

a misfit in the college commuiiity who will do the 
Church harm that lasts a generation. 

One real service the minister can render is to sug- 
gest the best religions literature to professors. Many 
a man will read widely and conscientiously if he 
knows what to read. But he may have run across 
religious literature of a type that does not appeal to 
him, and have forsworn all such reading in the future. 
The minister can discover this prejudice, and over- 
come it by offering him the best that has been written 
in modern times. He can rest assured that it will 
take hold, and work its way out in the teaching or 
special lecturing of the professors. One such good 
book, carefully read and pondered, can do more good 
than many conversations. 

A minister is apt to feel a certain shyness in going 
deeply into spiritual matters with professors. There 
is no reason, however, to suppose that a teacher's 
needs are wholly intellectual. Often the approach to 
religion through the intellect has not been satisf5rLng, 
and the heart of the professor is yearning for a more 
human touch. A priest who is really a pastor can 
minister to such men as well as to others of his flock. 
The minister must cultivate those faculty members 
who have apparently forsworn religious practices. 
Often they are paying an unconscious tribute to true 
Christianity in their revolt from many of the ex- 
pressions of modern religion. They would perhaps 
listen with eagerness to a satisf3ring presentation of 
the Church's position and Sacramental teaching. 
There are many men in our colleges, blinded by their 
narrow and intensive training and the absorbing work 

115 



The Church at Work in College and University 

of their earlier years, who are searching for spiritual 
guides before it is too late. 

Creating a common consciousness among 
faculty Churclimen 

No one likes to stand alone, and there is no need 
for it in the ease of faculty Churchmen. They are 
more numerous throughout the colleges and universi- 
ties than would be supposed. But they are not known 
to each other. The clergy engaged in college work 
should make a special point of seeing that the office 
of the National Student Council is kept supplied with 
accurate lists of the Churchmen on. the faculty of the 
college to which they minister.* These lists will be 
published for the use of all faculty Churchmen. Pro- 
fessors move about a great deal to meetings of scien- 
tific societies and associations, as delegates to academic 
functions, on committee business, and on vacations. 
It would be a very real help if it were possible for two 
Churchmen from different universities when meeting 
each other to know of this common bond. In pro- 
portion as they are interested in the Church work in 
their respective institutions there could be a very 
helpful exchange of ideas. This would hasten what 
is so desirable in our student work, namely, unity 
which is not mere uniformity. 



* It may seem a small item to mention, but it is impor- 
tant that these lists should give the initials, degrees, and 
rank of these professors, together with the departments in 
which they teach. These facts can be easily obtained when 
the list is being prepared, but they can be ascertained by the 
oflSce of the Council only with great difficulty. 

116 



CHAPTEE X 

Responsibility of the Chv/rch in a College 
Community 

The function of the Church in a college community 

It is time to face the many problems of the parish 
which ministers to college students; for instance, 
should the rector be responsible or should he delegate 
the student work to a curate? what equipment is 
necessary? is a Church house or dormitory desirable? 
what can a poor or small parish do ? 

The ground has been somewhat cleared by the 
Conference of Episcopal College Workers at Howe 
School in 1918, for they adopted a very comprehen- 
sive definition of the function of a church in a college 
community : 

"In a college community, the function of the 
Church, as the Body of Christ, and the perfect 
expression of the Christian life, is 

(1) to nourish the spiritual life in its mem- 

bers within the college community, 

(2) to vdn new members to the Church, 

(3) to train students to become leaders in the 

Churches work at home and abroad, 

(4) to set forth the ideal of Christian unity. 

117 



The Church at Work in College and University) 

"To this end Church workers among students 
should 

(1) comprehend the religious conditions of 

student thought and life, 

(2) comprehend the Church's task of inter- 

preting Christianity and the Church to 
students, 

(3) know the materials and methods provided 

by the Church for the accomplishment 
of the task, 

(4) apply materials and methods to local 

student work.'' 

Practically every point has had some treatment in 
this book. The definition should be kept clearly in 
mind in the following discussion, for there is no cut 
and dried way to "apply materials and methods to 
local student work." It is the spirit in which the 
local church goes about its task which counts most. 

Importance of the rector's personality 

A professor in a college recently wrote, "The 
rector in a college town needs a combination of quali- 
ties, but above all things he needs the personality 
which at once creates the basis of friendly inter- 
course." The Church should send her strongest 
clergy into the college communities. This should go 
without saying, except that the Church is very far 
from realizing this ideal. There is, however, through- 
out the Church a rapidly growing conviction that in 
the future there must be no misfits in the churches 
which minister to college students. 

118 



ResponsibiUi}^ of the Church in a College Community 
Curate or special assistant for student work 

Often the obligation to the college student is 
best discharged by calling a curate or, in the case of 
women students, a deaconess or parish visitor to work 
in the college. Such a curate may be of exceeding 
great value as an assistant to the rector in college 
work, but he never can be a substitute for the rector. 
The student should feel that the one who preaches to 
him and from whom he receives the Sacraments is 
interested in him and understands his problems. If 
the sermons betray no acquaintance with his world of 
thought, and if the atmosphere of the church is cold 
and the greeting of the rector indifferent, the student 
will not come willingly to church, though a whole 
staff of curates be provided for him. 

Under such circumstances the curate may organize 
a Church society or club in the college, conduct Bible 
classes or religious discussion groups, and bring the 
students out with a degree of regularity to corporate 
Communions, but he cannot make them feel that their 
Church life centers in the parish of the community. 
He is taking the Church to them on the campus, but 
is not training them for all-round Church life and 
service when they are graduated. 

This is not to be construed as a statement that 
curates or special workers are not desirable in student 
work. Far from it. The rector of a large city parish 
must have such assistants if he is to reach the students 
of a university. The point is that he himself must 
be of a type to appeal to students, and be willing to 
spend some time with them at meetings and socials, 
even though he assign his calling and organization 

119 



The Church at Work in College and University} 

work to a curate. In the case of work with women 
students, a deaconess or parish visitor is almost a 
necessity, if personal contacts are to be established 
and the college girls interested in parish activities. 

The rector and the faculty 

The necessity of the rector being able to cope 
with the college problem is shown especially with re- 
gard to the Churchmen on the faculty. A university 
of four or five thousand students may have a teaching 
and administrative force of seven or eight hundred 
men and women. Many of these, in the nature of 
the case, will be active in the parish. But the vast 
majority will not. As the last chapter was devoted 
to work with the faculty, it is only necessary to say 
here that a curate may effectually reach assistants and 
instructors, but the rector is the normal one to win 
and hold men and women of professorial grade. 

The college pastor system not the best 

Some of the other communions have developed a 
system of "college or university pastors". These men 
are appointed and supported by a general Church 
board and are sent into a large college or university 
to work in merely nominal touch with the local 
church. They perhaps by courtesy have offices in a 
university or Association building. They are not 
answerable to the minister, they have no natural 
touch with the congregation, and they have no pulpit 
from which to give their message. Almost without 
exception these men are of the highest ability, but 
they have been given a task which is well-nigh im- 

120 



Responsibility of the Church in a College Community 

possible, namely, to train students for normal Church 
life of the future in wholly abnormal circumstances. 

Working through the parish, the Church's ideal 

The Episcopal Church stands against such a 
system. In the early days of undefined student work 
the genius of our parochial system prevented any 
work among students which was unrelated to the 
nearest parish. Of late, our point of view has been 
crystallized into this principle by the Collegiate De- 
partment of the General Board of Eeligious Educa- 
tion: "Wherever expedient the parish should be the 
unit through which college work is done." 

Exceptions to the principle of working 
through the parish 

Manifestly there are and should be exceptions to 
this principle. Sometimes in a large city there are 
two or more churches at about equal distance from 
the university. The faculty are divided between these 
churches, and the students naturally choose according 
to the Churchmanship of the parishes or their pref- 
erences among the rectors. In such a case the Bishop 
might place a clergyman to work in the university, 
answerable to him, for the purpose of relating the 
students to the church of their choice. The invita- 
tion of the stronger Associations for such a man to 
have a recognized place on the staff of secretaries is 
often accepted.* Or when the parish church is at 
some distance from the university a priest may be sent 
to do a missionary's work in temporary quarters. But 
such a mission almost always develops into an inde- 

♦ See Appendix III. 1 2 1 



The Church at Work in College and University 

pendent parish, with the college element predom- 
inating. Despite many exceptions, the norm of onr 
college work will probably always be the parish, 
with college elements incorporated into its life and 
structure. 

It must be understood, however, that this in- 
corporation of college and university elements makes 
the parish quite out of the ordinary. An ordinary 
parish does not betray any interest in students or go 
out of its way to help them. Unless there is distinct 
recognition of the students and professors and a place 
for them in its life, a parish would not be listed by 
the National Student Council or by any of the Church 
Boards as doing student work. 

The word parish in this discussion is not to be 
understood as meaning a certain form of organization, 
i. e. vestry, etc., but rather a church with normal 
Church life. Services, choir, societies, Sunday school, 
etc. Many chapels in university communities are 
parishes in all but name. This is the case, for in- 
stance, with the chapels at the Universities of Illinois 
and Virginia. 

Classification of college Chureh work 

A study of the college field as it now appears has 
led the Collegiate Department of the General Board 
of Eeligious Education to make the following classifi- 
cation, which was accepted by the Conference of 
Episcopal College Workers at Howe School as a true 

122 



Responsibility^ of the Church in a College Community) 

statement of the great variety of forms of work now 
being done. 

A. Work Done From Witliout College Life 

1. By rectors of near-hy parishes 

2. By rectors of parishes in which the college 

element predominates 

(a) parishes especially founded because of 

college work 

(b) parishes with large college elements 

(c) parishes with special curate, deaconess, 

or parish visitor for college work. 

B. Work Done Within College Life 

1. By chapel recognized hy the college or 

university 

(a) Episcopal colleges 

(b) Colleges with Episcopal origin or tra- 

dition 

(c) Non-Episcopal colleges desiring the 

Services of the Episcopal Church 

2. By chapel or house, not recognized hy 

college, hut maintained hy diocese 

3. By chaplain without a chapel working 

with the Christian Association or other 
agencies. 

Of 135 colleges and universities where some work 
is being done among the Episcopal students, 119 fall 
into one of the divisions of Class A, while the remain- 
ing 16 (including Hobart, Kenyon, St. Stephen's, 

123 



The Church at Work in College and University 

Trinity, and the University of the South) fall into 
Class B. Thus it can be seen how true it is that the 
normal method of work in the Episcopal Church is 
through the parish. 

Church houses in universities 

In many colleges there are dormitory houses for 
men or women, founded by the Church and adminis- 
tered usually by the parish within whose bounds they 
are located. Opinion differs widely as to their value. 
They give a center for Church life and are often most 
pleasant and homelike. Especially in the case of 
houses for women the influence and chaperonage ol 
the house-mother is of the greatest value. At Church 
houses there is at least one daily Service which people 
from the community may attend. Often such a 
house has been the nucleus about which a parish has 
grown up, the house chapel serving as the church 
until a building could be erected. 

These houses have been of inestimable value as a 
missionary effort or where dormitory and boarding 
facilities are inadequate or poor. But with the 
growth of the university and the building of fraternity 
and sorority houses they have often outlived their 
usefulness. Our Church boys and girls in very large 
proportion "make" fraternities or sororities and live 
in the frat houses. The Church house becomes a 
competitor to the frat on a lower social plane, and 
our Churchmen shun it when they come as freshmen, 
lest it hinder their social advancement. Of course, 
this is a false ideal, but it is a very real factor in the 
situation. In consequence the house fills up with 

124 



Responsibility of the Church in a College Communityf 

non-Churclirrien. Then the house residents are un- 
willing for it to be used as a center for Church meet- 
ings lest the non- Churchmen be offended. Of course, 
a judicious mixture of students of other communions 
with our own students is a desirable thing and keeps 
a group from being narrow and snobbish. But 
Churchmen should be in the majority to secure a 
proper observance of the Services and to keep up the 
traditions of the house. Or, more serious still, the 
group begins to select its members as a fraternity does, 
they ax3 quire a group consciousness, and ultimately 
apply for a charter under a national fraternity or 
sorority. The house is then taken away from them 
and begins its career once more under the handicap 
of distrust from the Church at large. Only eternal 
vigilance and the utmost tact in management can 
keep a college Church house true to its first intention. 

This is not theory. In one state university those 
in authority permitted the men in a Church house to 
organise a Church fraternity. Within a few years 
the group was received into a national Greek letter 
fraternity and the house had to be taken away from 
them. Even more recently at another large univer- 
sity, the rule that three of the student members of the 
committee of management should be Episcopalians 
had to be rescinded, because there were not that many 
Churchmen in the house. These things are less apt 
to happen in a house for girls, because of more care- 
ful supervision than is given to a house for men. 

If it is possible to generalize, it may be said that 
the building and endowing of Church houses belonged 
to the era of the rapid growth of our state universities 

125 



The Church at Work in College and University 

and that they are still useful as a missionary agency 
or where living conditions are particularly difficult. 
But, in this day of superb college dormitories and 
palatial fraternity houses, parishes or dioceses should 
be well advised before building anything which can- 
not afterward be readily disposed of if conditions 
change. 

Essentials of equipment 

Opinions naturally vary as to what equipment is 
necessary for successful college work. A dignified 
place of worship probably comes first, for the very 
good reason that a college has class rooms and halls 
for meetings and receptions, while it does not afford 
an adequate place for the proper celebration of the 
Eucharist. An adequate rectory is perhaps the 
second requirement. The home life of the rector or 
curate is of great importance in winning students. 
He should be able to invite students to his table, and 
make a considerable number comfortable on the even- 
ings when students call. Along with such a rectory 
of ample dimensions, it might be emphasized in pass- 
ing, there should go an entertainment allowance in 
the salary or budget for student work. Last of all, 
perhaps, the parish house should be mentioned as an 
essential in equipment. Student work has to be 
developed to a very high degree to require a special 
building of this nature. Any building provided for 
the usual parish needs, of course, can be made useful 
in student work, but guild halls with lounging or 
reading rooms are not necessary. Any modern uni- 
versity has many such social centers which the student 

126 



Responsibilii}) of the Church in a College Communiiyf 

will patronize in preference to a Church building. 
Their social interests are on the campus. There is 
one exception to this statement. An attractive and 
quiet reading room well stocked with Church papers 
and other religious periodicals and with a good library 
of devotional, theological, and apologetic literature 
would attract a small number of the more thoughtful 
students. 

The small parish and student work 

The rector of the small parish in the neighbor- 
hood of a college or of a state agricultural and 
mechanical institute may say that there is small en- 
couragement for him in the foregoing. He has no 
staff of curates or other paid workers, and no parish 
house or church dormitory. In reality the odds are 
in his favor. Because his is the only church, the 
students look to him for their spiritual nurture, and 
feel free to come to him with their problems. Life 
at the college is much more concentrated and apt to 
be simpler than at the large university with its scores 
of organizations to meet the needs of its thousands of 
students. The problems are more tangible. Per- 
sonal influence goes farther. The minister is apt to 
be included in some of the faculty clubs and societies 
and thus shares in the atmosphere of the college. He 
is sure of a student audience every Sunday, who will 
make up an appreciable portion of his congregation. 
In the last analysis it is personality and not equip- 
ment which achieves results. Lack of equipment and 
assistants often enables the rector's personality to 
stand out more effectively. 

127 



CHAPTEK XI 

Responsibility of the Home Parish for its Students 
Religious education a continuous process 

Eeligious education is a continuoiis process. 
When a youth drops out of Sunday school his relig- 
ious education is not complete. Of course, in ser- 
mons and in other ways he will continue to be 
religiously and ethically educated. If he later goes 
to college, the questions he there faces will probably 
find no answer in the meagre Christian education he 
has previously received. This all too frequent gap 
must be bridged, if we are to do all we should for our 
college students. The parish clergy should turn their 
young people over to the clergy in the college com- 
munities as graduates of their Sunday schools. In 
this way only can they be prepared to continue with 
their religious instruction. This is the first duty the 
rector owes to a boy or girl in his congregation who 
is going to college. 

Reporting tFie prospective college students 

As we have alrieady suggested the rector should 
write to the minister in the college town of the coming 
of one of his young people to the college. This 
enables the college clergyman to meet the student at 

128 



Responsibilitjf of the Home Parish for its Students 

the earliest moment and speak to him with some show 
of informed interest. The Living Church Annual 
and the Churchman's Year Booh both give lists of 
clergy in our college towns, so that it is possible 
for the rector to find out to whom to send this 
information. 

The Brotherhood of St. Andrew has always made 
a special point of "follow-up work^^, but not every 
parish has a Brotherhood chapter, so this work cannot 
be wholly turned over to that organization. 

As will be stated in the next chapter, there is 
another way of securing these names in certain dio- 
ceses. The General Board of Eeligious Education is 
urging the Bishops to see that their Diocesan Boards 
of Eeligious Education secure the names of the 
students who are going to college. These names are 
then sent to the ministers in the college towns. This 
is an effective way of securing and passing on the 
names, but it lacks the personal touch which is given 
in a letter from the student's rector to the college 
minister and so does not relieve the rector of the 
responsibility to write. This is dealt with more fully 
in the next chapter when the Bishop's "student con- 
gregation" is discussed. 

Continued contact with the college student 

The pastor's responsibility does not end when he 
has sent the name of the student to the clergyman in 
the college town. Before the student leaves home he 
should have a talk with him and tell him something 
of the spiritual side of college life. More than likely 
the prospective student has heard a great deal about 

129 



The Church at Work in College and University 

college conditions, and is very sophisticated already, 
but few people, if any, have told him about the relig- 
ious problems that are ahead of him. The pastor 
should have foresight enough to give him the basic 
principles of theistic thinking, so that he can keep a 
true direction amid his intellectual difficulties. 

The rector should write to his parishioner at col- 
lege. These letters, of course, should not be too 
frequent, lest the student will value them the less; 
but it would mean a good deal to a student who has 
been in college for a few weeks to receive such a letter. 
Any club or organization to which he belonged at 
home should also write an occasional letter. This is 
very appropriate work for a Brotherhood chapter. 
Were it not so infrequently done, it might go without 
saying that when the clergyman visits the city in 
which the college is located he should look up his stu- 
dents. If there are many students from a parish at 
the same institution, a special trip to meet them is 
most desirable. This is frequently done by the head 
masters of our large Church preparatory schools. 

A simple way of keeping in touch with the 
students, which might not readily suggest itself, is to 
place them on the mailing list of the parish paper. 
As likely as not they will merely turn the pages, but 
they will read here and there and note items about 
their friends. It will make them feel that they are 
in touch with the life of the parish even though 
absent. 

It is exceedingly important that attention be paid 
to a student coming home at vacation time. Too 
often the rector greets the returned student in an 

130 



Responsibility) of the Home Parish for its Students 

absent-minded way and does not realize that he feels, 
like any other home-comer, that he should have 
special notice. Other people in the parish could well 
take note of this suggestion. The vacation period is 
often more fraught with temptation than the life at 
college, especially if the student comes from a country 
into a city environment. The parents naturally feel 
that they cannot place the old restraints upon the 
college youth, and they hesitate to inquire too closely 
into his movements. Mr. "Ted'^ Mercer, who has in 
his evangelistic work heard the stories of hundreds 
of college men, states that scores of them took their 
first step in immorality during vacation. The tragedy 
of it is that this is also true in some cases of boys on 
vacation from preparatory schools. Eectors should 
warn parents of this fact, and should endeavor to in- 
clude the student in all the social life which is going 
on in the parish at vacation time. 

After graduation 

It has been said that the vast majority of college 
students do not return to their home towns on grad- 
uation. In such a case the pastor must take great 
care to send the student his letter of transfer, and to 
write to some clergyman in the city in which he 
settles to look him up. 

College graduates can be of great value to a parish. 
They are enthusiastic and have new ideas which they 
want an opportunity to express. Too often, the min- 
ister fails to realize that they have grown up. He 
thinks of them only as his ^^Doys and girls", and is 

131 



The Church at Work in College and University 

slow to give them work worthy of their ability and 
experience. 

The graduate student should receive much personal 
attention from the rector. Some need further voca- 
tional guidance, and others want assistance in the 
problems of the profession into which they have 
plunged. Few people realize the sudden change from 
the relative freedom and self-importance of college 
life to the restraints and rebuffs faced by the beginner 
in any career. When all about him are trjdng to "put 
him in his place", he needs a friend who believes in 
him and can assure him he will come out all right 
in the end. 

It is to be hoped that when the student work of 
our Church becomes further developed the names 
of capable students will be sent to the clergjrmen of 
towns in which they settle with such comments as 
will enable them to judge their ability. Such infor- 
mation should be followed up immediately. If the 
graduates thus reported are looked up and set to 
work it ought to be possible to furnish the Church 
annually a great army of enthusiastic workers, who 
now are too frequently lost sight of for many years. 



132 



CHAPTER XII 

Help from the Outside for the College Worker 
Parochialism inconsistent with college atnnosphere 

The more a parish is drawn into the current of 
college life and interests, the less parochialism will 
thrive. This is one of the rewards which comes to 
a parish that realizes its responsibility and duty 
toward the college Churchmen in its midst. The 
faculty of a college, who are residents of the town, 
come from many localities, and for nine months in 
the year the community is filled with young people 
from all parts of the country and from across the 
seas. They introduce new ideas and diverse points 
of view. Speakers and distinguished visitors who 
come to the college keep the community in touch with 
the outside world. In just the same way, by speakers 
and visitors, should the rector of a church ministering 
to college people keep them in touch with the dioc- 
esan, national, and missionary interests of the Church. 

Deputations and speakers 

The whole question of visiting speakers in the 
colleges was discussed at the first conference of our 
Episcopal College Workers in February, 1917. A 
committee took under advisement the suggestions 

133 



The Church at Work in College and University 

made on the floor of the conference and reported the 
following plan for "deputations", which the confer- 
ence approved : 

"A. Certain agencies outside the local forces 
should be brought into student communities to 
assist in religious work among students : 

1. Bishops. 

2. Missionaries from the field (rather than 

persons who can give only academic 
information in regard to missions). 

3. Representatives of religious orders for 

men and for women; deaconesses en- 
gaged in student work; and lay men 
and women; all of these either singly 
or in groups, to present to the students 
particular aspects of religious thought, 
life, and work. 

"B. In order to organize these agencies for 
the utmost availability: 

1. There must be systematic preparation of 

the ground previous to their coming. 

2. They should expect to be on the ground 

long enough really to understand and 
to reach the needs of the students. 

3. They should be given a definite, consistent 

programme, e. g.: 
(a) Personal conferences at fraternity 
houses. 

134 



Help from the Outside for the College Worker 

(b) Conferences with individuals and 

small groups at Association build- 
ings, Church houses, etc. 

(c) Bishops should meet their own stu- 

dents. 

(d) Opportunity should be given for for- 

eign students to meet missionaries 
from their respective countries. 
4. The creating of a clearing-house that shall 
relate the demand for deputations to 
the supply ; perhaps the General Board 
of Eeligious Education would be the 
best. This clearing-house to secure 
members of delegations, arrange their 
dates, etc. 

"C. In order to secure more complete co- 
operation with the local forces : 

1. The Bishops and other busy men should 

be informed well in advance. 

2. The Board of Missions should be instructed, 

with the cognizance of the General 
Board of Religious Education, as to 
the needs in particular college situa- 
tions; this instruction to include a 
description of the men or women there 
needed so that the Board can intelli- 
gently select the most suitable person 
or persons in each instance. 

3. The Board of Missions to survey and keep 

informed upon all constituencies from 
which this material for the delegatiQiiS 

135 



The Church at Work in College and University 

is to be drawn, and to tabulate all 
information at its disposal." 

In the last section it will be noted that some 
effort was made to coordinate the furnishing of speak- 
ers by the General Board of Religions Education and 
the Board of Missions, though the procedure is not 
clearly stated. Fortunately, in creating the ISTational 
Student Council, the second College Workers' Con- 
ference, a year later, provided the machinery for a 
complete coordination of the Boards and Commissions 
of our Church in this regard. The Council is pre- 
pared to receive and act upon requests for speakers 
to visit colleges, singly or in deputations. 

Missions 

Distinct from the above in purpose and method 
are "missions" to the colleges. These are either 
teaching or preaching missions, and their methods 
will vary somewhat according to their purpose. Fun- 
damental to both types, however, are the services of 
prayer which should be held for several weeks before 
the mission, the daily Eucharist and noon-day inter- 
cessions, and the hours set aside for interviews. 'No 
mission will be successful without numbers of earnest 
and consecrated individuals working with their fellow- 
students personally and as committees. Good adver- 
tising will not take the place of personal invitation. 

The success of a mission depends most largely on 
the follow-up work. Those who have signed resolu- 
tion cards should be visited and, if necessary, brought 
to Baptism or Confirmation. Those who have volun- 
teered for Church work should be assigned tasks. 

136 



Help from the Outside for the College Worker . 

For a few weeks, at least, corporate Commiinions 
for those reached by the mission will be a good 
measure of conservation. 

The chief way in which a mission to reach college 
students differs from a parish mission is in the 
amount of time asked of the students. The student's 
regular work continues and he must reserve time for 
study. Consequently the convenience of the students 
as to hours and days must be consulted. A mission 
would be a failure if held in certain weeks of the 
session. The missioner must be one who understands 
students and has the gift of saying much in a brief 
time. 

Lectures 

Occasionally a series of lectures can be given, but 
the results are apt to be disappointing, unless the 
lecturer is unusually interesting, or of great reputa- 
tion, or his subject novel. College students are sur- 
feited with lectures, both because of their classroom 
work and because of the large number of speakers who 
visit the institution. Nevertheless, with due regard 
for all these difficulties, the General Board of Eelig- 
ious Education hopes some day to have in its control 
a lectureship, the incumbent of which will be at the 
disposal of the college workers for courses of lectures 
on the Church or on apologetic themes, j^eedless to 
say, he will be the best scholar and speaker available. 

The Bishop's "student congregation" 

All Diocesans should feel a special interest in 
and responsibility for their students, whether they 

137 



The Church at Work in College and University) 

are at school or college in their own dioceses or in 
other dioceses. The custom is growing for the Bishop 
to call on his Diocesan Board of Education to collect 
the names, or perhaps, even better, to appoint one of 
the clergy doing college work (with some remunera- 
tion if necessary) as his "student secretar}^". The 
General Board of Eeligious Education furnishes 
blanks and cards for the purpose. The blanks are 
sent to the parish clergy, who report their young 
people who are at schools or colleges, with the ijifor- 
mation called for on the blank. The name and facts 
give are copied by the student secretary on the cards, 
which are then sent to the clergy in the communities 
where the young men and women are studying. The 
reverse side of the card gives space for a record of the 
student^s college career so far as religious activities 
are concerned. When the student goes from one col- 
lege to another, or is graduated, the college minister 
sends the card to the clergyman concerned, if in the 
latter case he can find out in which parish the student 
settles. 

The original blanks are filed in the student secre- 
tary's office. For the Bishop he makes out separate 
lists for each college. Thus when the Bishop visits 
the college he can meet his students, either at the in- 
vitation of the local rector or by letters written to 
the students in advance of his visit appointing the 
time and place. Once a year, at least, the Bishop 
should send a neatly printed pastoral letter to all 
his students, expressing his interest in them, his good 
wishes for their success, his hope that they are re- 
maining true to the Church, and calling their atten- 

138 



Help from the Outside for the College Worker 

tion to the really great tasks and problems before the 
Church at that time. Who can measure the effect 
of such a letter? 

The Bishop's visitation 

Much more should be made of the visitation of 
the Bishop of the diocese than is usually the case. 
In addition to the contact which he might have with 
the class to be confirmed^ he should have opportunity 
to meet all the Church students, either at a reception 
or in a special conference. A special Communion 
Service with the Bishop as celebrant would give an 
opportunity for a devotional address, which as Chief 
Pastor he should give to his college flock. 

Because of the importance of college work the 
Bishop should plan to give the parish more than one 
day. He ought to be in residence in the largest edu- 
cational institutions in his diocese for three or four 
days, after the manner of missioners or other speakers 
described above. Some universities have their Sun- 
day preachers remain several days and keep consulta- 
tion hours for the students. Many of our Bishops 
have testified from their own experience as to the 
value of this system. Why cannot they do the same, 
through the parish, if necessary, in the universities 
within their own jurisdiction ? 

Visits of Secretaries of the Boards 

Student Secretaries of the Church Boards are apt 
to visit the colleges at intervals. Their visits should 
be regarded differently from the types of visitation 

139 



The Church at Work in College and University 

already described. A Board Secretary is able to 
confer with, a college Churcli society or with conunit- 
tees and advise in detail as to the work. Thus the 
experience of Church societies in other colleges is 
made available for the college which is being visited. 
The Boards are agreed in general that their student 
Secretaries will not visit the same colleges in any one 
year. Each Secretary is expected to advise as to the 
entire programme of college Churchmen, worship, 
religious education, missions, social service, and meet- 
ings. Of course, each Secretary has the special respon- 
sibility with which the Board has charged him or her. 
Thus a student Secretary of the Board of Mssions 
visits the colleges primarily to find men and women 
who will consider the call to the mission field. But 
while in the college this Secretary will examine into 
and advise about all phases of the work. 

Some day the Provinces with the largest student 
problems will have college Secretaries. These men 
and women will not have any special interests to 
serve in visiting a college ; they will be concerned with 
the whole round of college Church work and advise 
accordingly. 

College evangelistic campaigns 

Our college workers cannot afford to hold aloof 
from the evangelistic campaigns of the Associations, 
unless, as sometimes happens, they are conducted by 
men who are unworthy exponents of religion, or with 
bizarre methods. Much that is done in the best 
campaigns may be distasteful to Churchmen, but it 
is not possible to have everything done our way. Our 

140 



Help from the Outside for the College Worker 

presence in the campaign will lead to many desirable 
modifications. 

The modem college evangelistic campaigns are 
quite different from those held in cities. They are 
conducted by such men as John R. Mott, Sherwood 
Eddy, and Raymond Robins, able to set forth the 
Christian religion intelligently as well as persuasively. 
These leaders are supported by other people, clerical 
and lay, who are invited in for supplementary meet- 
ings in fraternity houses and dormitories, and for 
personal interviews. In many cases the Churches 
most largely represented in the student body are asked 
to send in some one to work with their own students 
and present the claims of their communion for min- 
isters, missionaries, and other workers. 

The student body is deeply stirred by such a series 
of meetings. For several days religion is a matter 
freely talked about on the campus. Men make reso- 
lutions, even though they may not sign decision 
cards or seek interviews. It is a great opportunity 
for our Church to reach her own students, when they, 
like the rest, are stirred. The clergyman of the 
parish which ministers to the students should have 
his hands strengthened by some one sent by the 
Church's Boards for interviews and for the smaller 
meetings. Such a visitor should come before the 
campaign to organize the Church forces; and, if he 
cannot remain until after it is over, another should 
take his place to help in the work of conservation. 
The sermons in the church both before, during, and 
after the campaign could be made to interpret its 
message to our people, who may think in somewhat 

141 



The Church at Work in College and University 

different terms. One or more meetings of onr Churcli 
students should be held after the campaign is over, 
and a Confirmation class should be started very soon. 
All who signed cards at the last meeting of the 
campaign should be looked up. Such a programme 
is too much for the average clergyman to perform 
unaided, and he should invite others to aid him, or 
apply to the Church Boards for assistance. Thus he 
can make the campaign a great stimulus in his work, 
and can win and hold many of his students who might 
otherwise try to find an outlet for their newly awak- 
ened spiritual interest in the vague undenominational- 
ism prevalent in our colleges. 

Conferences 

One potent aid to the college workers is found in 
something which does not take place in the college 
itself, namely, conferences to which students go as 
delegates. They are of various kinds, missionary, 
life work guidance, training or "setting-up'', inspira- 
tional, sociological, and so forth. Much has been said 
of them in proper places in this book. They are 
mentioned here to emphasize the point that the del- 
egates come back fired by the inspiration they have 
received and throw themselves with greater vigor into 
their religious work. It is worth while for those who 
stand back of the college work financially to con- 
tribute to the traveling expenses of delegates. From 
the standpoint of training new workers it is a paying 
investment. Above all, our students should be urged 
to use their summer vacation as a time for attending 
a student Association conference, or a Missionary 

142 



Help from the Outside for the College Worket 

Education Movement Conference, or one of onr 
Chnrcli Summer Schools. 

Intervisitation of colleges 

A plan, which has much to commend it, but which 
has not yet been tried to any great extent, is for 
college Churchmen to visit those of another college. 
If our college Church societies would send certain of 
their members in pairs to visit and confer with other 
similar societies it would have beneficial results for 
all concerned. Fraternities have been doing this for 
years, and it is recognized as one of the best possible 
ways of binding the chapters together. It has been 
the custom of the Association to invite representatives 
of other student bodies to visit a college at the 
time of an evangelistic campaign. We could do the 
same at the time of a mission. Delegates to con- 
ferences should be instructed to search out other 
Churchmen and discuss with them the way Church 
work is done in their colleges. Thus many new ideas 
would be obtained and a Church college society would 
be saved from settling into a rut. 

As the National Student Council develops, it may 
become the duty and privilege of its provincial mem- 
bers to visit in the colleges of the province. Where 
there is no provincial college Secretary this may prove 
the most effective way to develop student work in the 
Province. 

Conferences of workers 

The many references that have been made to the 
two important conferences of our college workers 

143 



The Church at Work in College and Universiiyf 

whicli have already been held should convince anyone 
of the value of such gatherings. They have set the 
pace in student work. Those attending have without 
exception expressed themselves as greatly encouraged 
and helped. Through their means there has grown 
up a real camradery among the college workers which 
will mean more than we now realize for the future 
of the work. The National Student Council has 
stated that one of its functions is to arrange for such 
conferences, by Provinces and for the whole nation. 
One fruitful method of conference, which should 
be developed by each Bishop, is the calling of the 
clergy of college towns into a retreat for one or two 
days once or twice a year. This has been done most 
successfully in the diocese of Kansas. There is noth- 
ing which will so put heart into a clergj^man, dis- 
couraged by the many obstacles encountered in college 
work, as the realization that his Bishop is thoroughly 
informed and heartily behind him in his work and 
plans. 

The diocese and the college parish 

Every college draws a large proportion, if not a 
majority, of its students from the state in which it is 
located. This makes the work in the college of in- 
terest to the whole diocese, and also to the other 
dioceses, if any, which are within the state. That 
which the parish cannot do by itself for the students 
should be done by the diocese, or jointly by that 
diocese and others in the state. The larger the uni- 
versity, the wider the responsibility. Some parishes, 
ministering to universities, should be entitled to call 

144 



Help from the Outside for the College Worker 

on an entire Province. The whole Church is in- 
terested in the college work in missionary districts, 
and the Board of Missions on more than one occasion 
has appropriated money to be used in such college 
work. A parish may be said to have a claim on every 
other parish which has a college member temporarily 
resident within it. A contribution to the student 
work of the parish in the college town would be one 
way by which the home parish could discharge its 
duty toward its absent members. 

Financial campaigns to equip college work 

But aside from current expenses for student work, 
there is a much larger problem confronting some 
parishes in college towns. They are perhaps too 
small and their equipment too inadequate to attract 
students. 

The General Board of Eeligious Education stands 
ready to help any parish which needs equipment or 
endowment for its college work. Naturally there are 
conditions attached to the Board's offer, for it would 
not be right to take the time of the Secretaries of the 
Board if the local and diocesan authorities were not 
willing to cooperate. Perhaps these conditions can 
best be stated in the words of a resolution adopted by 
the Board in its annual meeting January 31, 1918. 

"1. That the Department of Collegiate Educa- 
tion conduct at least one campaign a 
year to place the right man, properly 
equipped, in one important college 
town. 

145 



The Church at Work in College and University 

"2. That such campaigns be undertaken under 
the following conditions : 

(a) The Diocesan Convention invites the 

Department to conduct the cam- 
paign and appoints an adequate 
committee to work with the De- 
partment. 

(b) The objectives of the campaign as to 

equipment, etc., will be determined 
after survey by and in consulta- 
tion with the Department. 

(c) That as part of such a campaign an 

endowment shall be raised for two 
scholarships at the institution, to 
furnish student assistants to the 
minister in charge, which scholar- 
ships will be administered nor- 
mally under conditions mentioned 
below. (3b) 

(d) If the institution is a State Uni- 

versity, the cooperation of the 
other dioceses of the State or 
Province, must be obtained by the 
committee of the diocese in which 
the university is located. 

"3. That a system of scholarships be estab- 
lished by the Collegiate Department as 
follows : 

(a) Scholarships at large, in control of 
this Board. 

146 



Help from the Outside for the College Worker 

(b) Scholarships at a given university to 
be awarded to students in their 
junior and senior years who are 
training for service in the Church 
and have shown the right qualifi- 
cations for leadership/^ 

Scholarships 

It is the conviction of the General Board of Relig- 
ious Education that it would be easy and proper to 
raise an endowment for scholarships at the time of a 
general campaign, so that thenceforth two or more 
students who show genuine ability and leadership can 
be given assistance or retained at the college for 
special postgraduate training. In return for the 
scholarships they would aid the clergyman in his 
college work. There are several new features in this 
plan. The scholarships would be awarded to students 
who had proved that they were worth special training 
for Church work. Thus they would go to upper 
classmen. The scholarships would be honors to be 
striven for, and would give the holders a recognized 
place in the Church. The chances of wrong choice 
would be reduced to a minimum. Other communions 
have large loan or tuition funds which are awarded to 
a student at the beginning of his career, usually on 
the statement that he plans to enter the ministry, or 
go to the mission field, or engage in some recognized 
phase of religious work. Often the assistance is 
wrongly given, or proves an embarassment to the 
recipient if he changes his mind. 

So far this plan, with modifications, has been 

147 



The Church at Work in College and University^ 

worked out in only one institution, namely Teachers' 
College, Columbia University, where graduate stu- 
dents are received for a special course in social- 
religious work. Some of the parishes in New York 
City offer scholarships to Church students taking this 
course, in return for which the student gives the 
parish a specified amount of time for practical work. 
Ultimately the General Board of Eeligious Educa- 
tion hopes to have some scholarships at its disposal 
which it can bestow on young men and women in 
different colleges who have special claim for such aid. 
If all these scholarship plans work out, local, general, 
and those for special training, the Church may be 
able to assist her choicest young people to obtain the 
college preparation they need for the great tasks of 
the future. So far there has been practically no way 
of extending this aid, save to men preparing for the 
ministry who could ask aid of certain societies for the 
education of the clergy. Perchance this will be one 
of the outcomes of the War, for people will gladly aid 
returning soldiers to complete their education, and 
thus become interested in the highly important and 
interesting task of helping the Church prepare her 
future leaders. 



148 



CHAPTER XIII 

The Churdis Responsibility for her Students 
from Other Lands 

Definition of term "foreign student" 

It wiU be necessary at the outset to adopt a defini- 
tion of ^^foreign student^', for the title is so useful 
as a means of avoiding circumlocution that it will 
be used throughout this chapter. By it we mean any 
student coming into the United States to study who 
is a native of another country. By Church foreign 
students we mean all in this very large group who 
are members of Churches in communion with our 
own. Thus we have in mind all those from the 
Church of England and her Provinces as well as those 
from our own foreign missionary districts. It is 
inevitable, however, that our attention be directed 
especially to those who are not from English-speaking 
countries, for they are much less at home among us. 
We must include also those from the Spanish-speak- 
ing possessions of the United States, even though they 
may not be foreign in the sense in which the word 
is defined above. 

The Church's responsibility for her foreign students 

The Church in America has a very great respon- 
sibility for her students from other lands. The 

149 



The Church at Work in College and University 

Churches in China, Japan, Brazil, and other coun- 
tries entrust their most promising young men and 
women to the mother Church for spiritual care and 
nurture while in the United States. Many of them 
are "government students", chosen for scholarships 
which are the highest honors the nation can bestow 
upon them. Some are sent by their colleges for post- 
graduate study. All are above the average, else they 
would not have crossed the seas to study in a foreign 
land. We may confidently expect that without excep- 
tion they will be men and women of unusual influence 
in their own lands. 

The Church's former neglect 

Suppose the Church in America fails to manifest 
any interest in them. Suppose their churchgoing is 
dependent entirely on their own inclinations, and little 
effort is made to make them feel welcome at Services. 
Suppose no homes of Church people are open to them, 
and they judge Christian America from their expe- 
rience with college dormitories, mess halls, and board- 
ing houses. Suppose the college society of Church 
students never invites them to attend its meetings or 
receptions. These suppositions are not mere fancies. 
They have been sadly true in more than one instance. 

The foreign students do not willingly tell us how 
hurt and grieved and discouraged such neglect makes 
them, but we can imagine our own feelings were we 
in their place. One of our foreign students, being 
pressed for a statement, wrote as follows: "It is not 
necessary to enter into detail as to what the Church 
has failed to do in this respect. It suffices to say 

150 



Church Students from Other Lands 

that a foreign student^ whO;, on landing in a new 
country, sees things contrary to his expectations, is 
apt to jump to the conclusion that the Church does 
not do what she professes to &e. But it must be admit- 
ted that no two persons have the same impression. 
Some are more fortunate than the others. A church 
which bids the foreign student a warm welcome 
encourages his churchgoing. On the other hand a 
church which shows indifference dampens his enthusi- 
asm. It is, therefore, very important that the first 
church he goes to be one of the former. There are 
other factors which dishearten him. The influence 
of modern education, the lives of professed Christians, 
and the misinterpretation of Christianity as conven- 
tionalism, increase his doubts about the truth of 
Christianity, and may result in his entire loss to the 
Church." 

Work of the Committees on Friendly Relations 

In America there are "Committees on Friendly 
Relations among Foreign Students" in those colleges 
where there are large numbers of foreign students. 
These committees are under the auspices of the Y. M. 
and Y. W. C. A.^s. There are also general committees 
having secretaries of different nationalities who direct 
this work.* 

The work of these national and local committees 
is of the highest importance. The names of students 



* For the men, Mr. Charles D. Hurrey, 347 Madison 
Avenue, and for the women. Miss Margaret Burton, 600 
Lexington Avenue, New York City, with each of whom are 
associated secretaries of diflferent nationalities. 

151 



The Church at Work in College and University 

are reported to Am erica by missionaries and Associa- 
tion secretaries in foreign lands. In all the important 
ports of entry are secretaries or volunteer workers 
who meet the steamers, direct the students to proper 
hotels, and make railroad reservations for them. 
News of their coming is telegraphed to the colleges. 
The Association secretaries and committees aid them 
in finding rooms, in registration, in making friends 
and, if necessary, in obtaining employment. It is a 
ministry of incalculable importance, and gives the 
foreign student a totally different idea of America 
than he would otherwise receive. 

In some universities the work is done on quite a 
large scale. Thus at the Universit}^ of Pennsylvania 
there is a residence for foreign students, presided over 
by an American secretary and his wife. Here twelve 
foreign students room and twenty-five take their 
meals, while the rest use the building as a club. In 
New York City the Intercollegiate Branch of the 
Metropolitan Y. M. C. A. has on its staff secretaries 
of several nationalities caring for the interests of 
their fellow-countrymen. It also maintains club- 
houses for the Chinese and the Japanese students. 
The foreign women students are not numerous enough 
at any one university to require such extensive efforts 
on their behalf; though non-resident foyers may be 
established at such centers as Boston, New York, 
Chicago, San Francisco, and Urbana, Illinois, where 
the work for foreign women students is most highly 
developed. Helpful contact has been established with 
the French girls who have come to America to study 
since the War. 

152 



Church Students from Other Lands 

Cosmopolitan Clubs 

The work just described has important interna- 
tional bearings. There is another way in which inter- 
nationalism is promoted, not only in America bnt in 
other lands. This is by clubs of which all foreign 
students are expected to be members. A few native- 
bom also belong to represent the best in the life 
and spirit of the nation in which the rest are studying. 
In America these societies are called Cosmopolitan 
Clubs. They hold regular meetings and social gather- 
ings, which are addressed by their own leading 
members, by representative Americans, and by the 
distinguished guests from foreign lands who so 
frequently visit a great university. 

Why the Church must supplement 

By constitution these Cosmopolitan Clubs have no 
religious basis, and distinctly religious discussions are 
not permitted. Thus the student's whole needs are 
not satisfied by membership in them. Their work 
must be supplemented by the Church. 

Even the Committees on Friendly Relations can- 
not put religion too much to the fore, though the 
instructions from headquarters to the local commit- 
tees leave no doubt as to the Christian basis and 
purpose of the work. Many of the foreign students 
are non-Christian, and many of those from South 
America and Europe are Roman Catholics or members 
of the Eastern Orthodox Churches, who would mis- 
understand an aggressively Protestant effort to reach 
them. Hence the work must be personal and infor- 
mal, and not highly organized. The secretaries and 

153 



The Church at Work in College and University 

committeemen are in a very delicate position wlien a 
non-Christian desires to be baptized and wants infor- 
mation about the various communions. Only as our 
clergy and students have sympathetic and friendly 
relations with the foreign students can we expect them 
to make our Church their spiritual home. 

What the Church is doing for her foreign students 

The National Student Council gave considerable 
time at its first meeting to the question of the pastoral 
care of foreign Churchmen from missionary dis- 
tricts and of graduates of Church colleges, and ap- 
pointed a committee to make plans. The following 
general procedure is agreed lipon. The Board of 
Missions sends to the National Student Council the 
names of and facts about the foreign Church students. 
These it obtains from the heads of Church missionary 
colleges and from all Anglican Bishops on the mission 
field. In due time the custom will be established of 
reporting each scholar as soon as his plans for study 
in America are completed. The National Student 
Council writes to the clergyman in the college com- 
munity, to some professor in the college, and to the 
Church student society of the arrival or presence of 
the foreign student at the college. In some of the 
larger universities, where Church students of certain 
nationalities are sufiiciently numerous, committees of 
those students and Americans could be formed. Or 
there might be such a committee for all the Church 
foreign students regardless of nationality. In either 
case the clergyman and the committee would be noti- 
fied. In case there is no Episcopal church in the 

154 



Church Students from Other Lands 

college town, the Bishop of the diocese is asked to 
write the student a letter of welcome and advice. 

Duplicate card catalogues of the Church foreign 
students are kept at the Church Missions House and 
the offices of the National Student Council. When 
missionaries or Board Secretaries visit a college they 
will be asked to look up certain or all of our foreign 
students. Important facts concerning the students 
will be entered on the cards for the guidance of these 
visitors and for record. 

Further development of the work 

Ultimately, it is to be hoped, the time of arrival 
in America will be learned sufficiently in advance for 
arrangements to be made for a representative of the 
Church to meet the steamer. This would be feasible 
especially in San Francisco, where there are Chinese 
and Japanese churches. The priests of these churches 
could be accompanied by an American to the steamer 
to greet the students. Usually the foreign stu- 
dents arrive in groups, with all arrangements made 
in advance, or with secretaries of the Friendly Rela- 
tions Committee ready to care for them. But a 
special greeting from the Church of America, even 
though no help was needed, would make a lasting 
impression. The newcomer could be advised where 
to worship, for (we say it to our shame) not all 
churches in Pacific Coast cities welcome foreigners 
from the Orient. 

The National Student Council will publish a 
bulletin or handbook which can be placed in the hands 
of the Church student from abroad before he leaver 

155 



The Church at Work in College and University 

home, or on arrival in America, or even after reaching 
college. This bulletiri will give interesting facts 
concerning the Church in America, a list of churches 
in the larger cities where foreign students would be 
welcome, and a list of the clergy in college communi- 
ties to whom they should report when they reach their 
destination. Such a bulletin, some of the foreign 
Churchmen say, would be much appreciated. They 
travel to a considerable extent in Amesrica, and 
would like to know something of the churches they 
see. All clergy whose names go into the buUetiQ 
would agree to extend a. cordial welcome to any 
foreign student who came to them. 

In the larger university centers it is possible to 
have celebrations of the Holy Communion for the 
foreign students, often in their own tongue. Thus in 
the Oriental Chapel at the Cathedral of St. John the 
Divine in New York City monthly Communions are 
celebrated for the Chinese and Japanese students. 

The summer vacation is quite a problem for 
the foreign students. Many of them attend summer 
schools and thus shorten their period of study, but 
there are several weeks during which no colleges are 
open, and they must shift for themselves. AYhile 
this is difficult for men, it is often highly embarras- 
sing for the girls. The National Student Council 
will study this matter with the Board of Missions 
and try to make adequate arrangements for them. 
The summer student conferences and our own Church 
summer schools will fill up part of the time, and all 
who advise with our foreign students should urge 
them to attend these. 

156 



Church Students from Other Lands 

When the foreign student returns home 

There is often a serious gap between the return of 
the foreign student to his own land and his entrance 
into Church life and duties there. Hence the clergy- 
man who has known him throughout his college course 
should give him letters of introduction to our mission- 
aries in the town where he expects to locate. He 
should also be given a letter of introduction to the 
Bishop of the diocese, especially if he does not know 
where he will settle. The assistance rendered any 
mission by one of these returned students would be 
invaluable, and yet the missionary or the native 
clerg}Tnan might be ignorant of the students pres- 
ence. The presentation of a letter of introduction 
would bring the missionary and the student together. 

It is hoped that every foreign Church student who 
returns home will endeavor to keep the Board of 
Missions posted as to his friends who may in the 
future come to America as students. They can also 
impress upon missionaries and the head of schools 
and colleges the vital importance of the Church in 
America receiving due notice of the coming of her 
students from abroad. 

The students from the Holy Orthodox Churches 

Our Church has a peculiar responsibility for the 
students from Europe and the Near East who are 
members of the Old Catholic, Scandinavian Churches, 
and Holy Orthodox Churches — Greeks, Russians, 
Eoumanians, Czecko-Slovaks, Jugo-Slavs, Bulgarians, 
Syrians — Armenians, and other separated Eastern 
Churches. They will come to us henceforth in in- 

157 



The Church at Work in College and University 

creasing numbers. Where there is no church of their 
own they will turn to our clergy. But we must 
understand the extent to which they will share in 
worship with us. The Et. Eev. E. M. Parker, D.D., 
Bishop of New Hampshire, President of the American 
Branch of the Anglican and Eastern Association, 
sends these words of advice : 

"The Orthodox are ready to be our friends and 
they have certain definite ideas of our likeness one 
to another. They are ready for our Sacramental and 
pastoral ministrations in emergencies, but we must 
not try to hurry them into formal inter-communion. 
We should take great pains to plan for Services 
in their own tongues, by their own priests, in our 
churches. Our Services they often find confusing and 
cold, and a bit dreary, with little action and life. 
They have no popular Services used as we use Morn- 
ing and Evening Prayer. Let us invite them to 
Services and, in explaining our ritual and Church 
polity to them, emphasize similarities, not differ- 
ences. Let them see that we are not trying to wean 
them from their own Church, but that we shall wel- 
come inter-communion of the Churches when they 
are ready for it. We must remember that racially 
the Orthodox are a good deal divided, e. g., Greeks 
from Russians, and that they do not readily worship 
together. The Armenians separated from the Ortho- 
dox East fourteen hundred years ago and, while prac- 
tically the same now in teaching, they are not yet 
in communion with it. 

"Above all we must remember that personal 
friendship and personal touch with all peoples from 

158 



Church Students from Other Lands 

foreign lands is the most important thing; and that 
being a cordial, good neighbor, a pleasant acquaint- 
ance, a real appreciative friend, is the way to win and 
help the Orthodox student, as it is the way to win 
the American." 

Receiving the foreign CFiurchmen at the college 

Each clergyman and his committee will work out 
different ways of helping the foreign Church students, 
but the following suggestions will be applicable to 
every college community. The foreign student may 
need help on arrival, though the Y. M. and the 
Y. W. C. A.'s usually care for such matters as room 
and board and advice about college customs. Regis- 
tration is often confusing, and the student will wel- 
come advice as to courses of study. Sometimes some 
form of employment is necessary to enable the stu- 
dent to support himself. This is especially true of 
the students from Central Europe and the Near East. 
In such a case our Church people ought to afford 
the student opportunities to work. It is not a case 
of raising money. The foreign student is as proud 
as our American student about receiving charity, if 
not more so. 

As soon as possible a reception should be held to 
enable the foreign students to meet interested people 
of the parish and their fellow- Churchmen among 
the American students. Such a reception would also 
enable them to meet other Church students from 
lands different from their own. If the group of 
foreign Churchmen is large, this should be a special 
reception, but if they are few in number, inviting 

159 



The Church at Work in College and University 

them to the general reception for Episcopalian stu- 
dents at the beginning of the session will be sufficient. 
It is highly important that at this reception and 
at other times they have an opportunity to meet the 
Churchmen on the faculty. The clergyman should 
associate two or more of the faculty with him in this 
phase of his work. Some of the faculty and some of 
the townspeople should entertain the foreign Church 
students in their homes. Some of the ladies of the 
faculty should exercise a sort of chaperonage over 
the foreign girl students. Often, in their sense of 
freedom, these girls innocently ignore American con- 
ventions, and need friendly advice. 

The college Church society and its foreign members 

The college Church society should include all the 
foreign Churchmen in its membership and meetings. 
They will feel any omission from this more keenly 
than we might suppose, for membership will seem to 
them a recognition of their being Churchmen. 

They should also be included in all plans 
which are made for the religious education of the 
Church students. When lectures and study courses 
are planned, they should have special invitations to 
attend. They need to see Christianity and the Church 
as we see them. This will be a corrective to any false 
impressions they have brought with them, or acquired 
among us. 

Pastoral calls on the foreign students 

It is not enough to issue an invitation to attend 
Services and let the matter rest there. The rector 

160 



Church Students from Other Lands 

should note whether the student comes regularly. If 
he is absent for one or more Sundays, the rector 
should call on him, for he may be ill. The foreign 
student may reason, "My pastor at home would notice 
my absence from church and come to see me, but 
this clergyman does not do so and says nothing about 
it, therefore he must not care whether I come or not." 
Calls in case of sickness would be very greatly appre- 
ciated, and a prayer should be read in the church 
Service. If no one pays any attention to the sick 
student, the sense of loneliness in a strange land may 
be overwhelming. 

Using foreign students as speakers 

Foreign Churchmen should be used as speakers. 
They have a message which they can give more effec- 
tively than many missionaries. But they should not 
be called upon suddenly, lest their command of Eng- 
lish should prove insufficient. A Chinese student 
was .once receiving praise for the remarkable speeches 
he and his compatriots had made at a public meeting. 
He replied modestly, "But you do not know the hours 
we have spent in preparation." With due notice, 
foreign students make splendid speakers for meetings 
of clubs, guilds, and missionary societies, and for 
Sunday schools, and should be much more widely 
used. As one of them said, "It will take away mis- 
understanding, and make the members of the daugh- 
ter Church more intimate with those of the mother 
Church." Our own Churchmen complain that while 
they receive many invitations to speak to congrega- 

161 



The Church at Work in College and University 

tions and societies of other churclies, they are seldom 
asked to address Episcopalians. 

Appreciating the foreign students 

It is supremely important for Americans to have 
a sympathetic attitude toward the point of view and 
feeling of the students from other lands. We must 
not think our own opinion wholly right and the for- 
eign student^s wholly wrong. An honest effort to put 
ourselves in their place will reveal a common ground. 
There are three ways to learn the point of view of 
other peoples. One is by personal acquaintance, when, 
through conversation, there is a. broadening inter- 
change of ideas ; another is by sharing in the meetings 
and work of the Cosmopolitan Club ; and the third is 
by reading foreign literature and periodicals. The 
last may not seem possible to busy Americans in a 
college, but fortunately the Chinese, the Japanese, 
and the Latin American students in America publish 
periodicals which every one who works with them can 
and should read.* They not only tell us what our 
foreign guests are thinking and dreaming for the 
future of their nations, but they have valuable chron- 
icles of the happenings abroad and enlightening his- 
torical articles. A perusal of these magazines will give 
one an added respect for the ability of the students 
who can so write. We will admire the more their log- 



* Chinese Students' Christicm Journal ( Quarterly, 60 
cts.), The Japanese Student {Monthly, $1.00) , El Estudiante 
Latino-Americano (Bi-monthly, $1,00), and The Indian 
Patrika ( Bulletin ) . All published at 347 Madison Avenue, 
New York City. 

162 



Church Students from Other Lands 

ical minds and maturity of thought. Often conversa- 
tion does not leave this impression, for the student's 
command of conversational English may not equal 
his use of written English. 

The foreign students' difficulties 

This conversational difficulty and lack of knowl- 
edge of our ways often greatly embarrass the foreign 
students and may cause them to decline invitations. 
Sometimes it makes them seem unresponsive and 
reserved, as if they did not want to make American 
friends. It would be a mistake to draw this conclu- 
sion. With a longer stay in this country they acquire 
greater ease and seem more friendly. Consequently 
an earlier invitation should be repeated. Sometimes 
a tactful lady of the faculty can render a very real 
service by organizing a, group to study and practise 
American etiquette. Those educated in our schools 
and colleges are more at ease with Americans than 
those who have studied in government and non- 
Christian colleges. 

The foreign students' social life 

We should remember that a foreign student can 
be homesick, especially if he chances to be the only 
one of his nationality in the college. People may be 
polite enough, and yet not show genuine interest in 
him. It would make all the difference in the world 
if there were one or two homes to which the student 
could go frequently with an assurance of welcome. 
But too often calls are received with such formality 
that the student leaves quickly. A professor would 

163 



The Church at Work in College and University 

see more of his foreign students if he would frankly 
say to them, "If I do not tell you that I am busy, 
you may be sure that you can stay on, for I will tell 
you so if I am really busy/' Often, however, he 
politely says that he is not busy and yet makes the 
students so uncomfortable by his impatience that 
they are unwilling to repeat calls. One foreign 
Churchman tells how he went to a Bishop with a 
letter of introduction. "The Bishop," he said, ^T^ept 
on writing all the time I was there. I would much 
rather he had said he could only spare five minutes, 
and had given me his whole attention." 

Invitations should be real. The cordial, "Come 
around to a meal some day," must be followed up with 
a specific invitation, otherwise it had better be unsaid. 
The foreign student does not think it necessary that 
he be invited to a meal and he is puzzled, if not 
offended, by what seems insincerity. The clergyman 
should not think it necessary to entertain each for- 
eign student at his table. But he should ask them 
to call, if necessary appointing an evening the first 
time, and should take them into his family, instead 
of interviewing them in his study. Calls of the for- 
eign students should be returned. They are very 
punctilious about this in their own lands. A foreign 
student referring to his calls on a family said, "They 
are always asking me to come to see them, and they 
seem glad to see me when I go there, but the gentle- 
man of the family has never come to call on me, 
and I do not know whether he really wants me to 
continue to call, I don't want to be called on as many 
times as I go there, but I do wish someone would 

164 



Church Students from Other Lands 

come to see me at least once." In like manner the 
ladies of a family should call on a foreign girl student 
who visits them. 

The congregation and the foreign Churchmen 

The foreign student wants to feel a cordial atmos- 
phere when he attends church. He does not desire 
to have everyone shake hands with him, and make 
more or less inane remarks, but he does hope for 
smiles and nods of welcome. He feels keenly what 
one of them called "the cold face". Ushers should be 
instructed to be especially cordial to foreign students. 
The clergyman who has them in his congregation 
should be careful about references to their countries, 
the religions of their countrymen, and the work of 
missionaries. Some well-meant statements and stories 
are no doubt ludicrous, others are offensive to national 
pride. 

Difficulties of readjustment 

We must have S3rmpathy with their educational 
problems. The more widely their customs and relig- 
ions differ from ours, the greater is their difficulty of 
readjustment. They have had to cast so much aside 
to accept our scientific, economic, and sociological 
knowledge that they may be much adrift, and in 
danger of accepting ultra-modem doctrines and fads. 
In their religious thinking they may be equally con- 
fused. Things we take for granted may be puzzling 
to them. In all these matters they will welcomt 
friendly criticism and constructive advice. 

165 



The Church at Work in College and University 

Relation to the non-Anglican students 

We should also take pains to be courteous and 
friendly to those graduates of our colleges on the 
foreign mission field who belong to other communions. 
They can be included in much that we plan for our 
own students. Furthermore, we have a duty toward 
those students who belong to a communion similar 
to our own, but are out of sympathy with it. This 
is a very delicate matter, but we must not shirk our 
responsibility. Our ritual may attract many who 
would not care for a less liturgical service. A sympa- 
thetic interview might win back the student's loyalty 
to his own communion, or make him willing to accept 
our ministrations. Those on the Friendly Eelations 
Committee at the university ought to be able to tell 
our clergy of many foreign students who cannot 
receive the care of their own Church, because it is 
not represented in the community, and who would 
feel at home with us. Thus, for instance, an East 
Indian belonging to the Dutch Eeformed Church 
might gladly accept an invitation to attend our 
Services. 

Winning the non-Christian students 

Some students have passed through our mission 
colleges without becoming Christian, and toward them 
we have a very great and heavy responsibility. We 
also share the obligation with other Churches to work 
with all the non-Christian foreign students. If our 
Christianity cannot win them in a Christian land, 
then let us confess with shame that we are not truly 
Christian. For them every effort should be doubled, 

166 



Church Students from Other Lands 

that they may see the love which of old was the 
most powerful apologetic for Christianity. 

The work essentially pastoral 

The clergyman in the college community should 
not regard this work as unusual or requiring peculiar 
gifts. It is essentially pastoral. The chief thing is 
for each foreign student to feel that there is one 
representative of the great Church to which he belongs 
who is his friend, adviser, and spiritual father. This 
feeling will come to him, just as it will to an Amer- 
ican, when his pastor shows that he cares for him 
and will aid him in any way possible. The clergy- 
man should feel that he is the representative of the 
Bishop from whose diocese the student comes. In 
case of difficulty or trouble the clergyman cannot 
reach the foreign Bishop, but he can reach the Board 
of Missions, whose Secretaries are able to advise in 
peculiar situations, for they know in general the home 
conditions of the foreign student and what his Bishop 
would want done. Such a request to the President 
of the Board of Missions will be given prompt and 
sympathetic attention. 

The work a part of the Church's Mission 

It is a great work — ^this care of the foreign Church 
students, a work of far-reaching significance. For 
most Americans it is the only way they can have a 
personal share in the Church's Mission. Nothing in 
college life can more nearly approximate the work of 
the Master Himself than this caring for strangers. 
With no other students is there so much certainty that 

167 



The Church at Work in College and University 

in influencing them we are shaping the destiny of 
nations. Our troops in France were told that they 
went to represent America, but at home we are far 
too careless about how we represent the Church to 
the students from other lands. Let those who speak in 
the name of the Church see that uplifting and enno- 
bling influences surround our foreign students, that 
fellowship binds them forever to us, and that a 
spiritual ministry satisfies their deepest longings. 



168 



CHAPTEE XIV 

Church Colleges 

The ChTirch has never given to her colleges the 
support they deserve. It is strange indeed that with 
all her reputation for scholarship the American 
Church has never developed any large nniversities. 
Certain institutions which began under Church 
auspices have become great universities as^ for in- 
stance, Columbia, Lehigh, and Pennsylvania, but it 
has not been because the Church helped them. The 
Church has let some other promising institutions die 
through lack of support. 

What the Colleges have done for the Nation 

This is true in the face of the fact that our colleges 
have trained some of the greatest men in the history 
of the United States. William and Mary College in 
Virginia gave to the country Benjamin Harrison, 
Carter Braxton, Thomas N'elson, and George W}i:he, 
signers of the Declaration of Independence, Peyton 
Eandolph, President of the First American Congress, 
Edmund Randolph, Washington's Attorney General 
and afterward Secretary of State, and the Presidents, 
James Madison, James Monroe, and John Tyler. 
But greatest of all her sons were Thomas Jefferson 
and John Marshall. In the days when Columbia 

169 



The Church at Work in College and University^ 

University was King's College, a Chnrch institution, 
she produced Alexander Hamilton. Kenyon College 
has to her credit President Eutherford B. Hayes, 
Edwin M. Stanton, Lincoln's Secretary of War, David 
Davis and Stanley Matthews, Justices of the Supreme 
Court of the United States. The University of the 
South is of more recent foundation, but already it is 
making a name for itself through such alumni as 
Major General William C. Gorgas, the world's great 
authority on sanitation, retired Surgeon General of 
the U. S. Army; Senators John Sharp Williams, 
LeEoy Percy, and Luke Lea; Archdeacon Hudson 
Stuck, the Alaskan missionary and conqueror of Mt. 
McKinley; James T. Williams, editor-in-chief of the 
Boston Transcript; Charles McD. Packette, editor of 
the New York Evening Post; and ten Bishops of the 
Church. 

As one writer has said : "All these great men of 
Church education, Stanton, Hayes, Davis, Matthews, 
Alexander Hamilton, Madison, Marshall, and the 
other great Virginians, were somewhat alike. There 
were certain characteristics common to nearly all of 
them. They were not cranks, or doctrinaires. They 
were not devoted to ostentation or humbug. They 
were balanced, rounded, finished men, and there was 
a high sense of honor among them all. They had the 
best characteristics of Americans, and have con- 
tributed largely to mould the best American type.'^ 

The Colleges which remain 

Our Church has had twenty colleges under her 
control at one time or another, strategically located 

170 



Church Colleges 

over all the nation. Some have died from lack of 
support, others have become state or non-sectarian 
institutions, or preparatory schools, until only the 
University of the South, Kenyon College, and St. 
Stephen's College remain. Hobart and Trinity are 
under Church influence, but not control, and Eacine 
College is a junior college. There is no women's 
college doing full collegiate work, though there is talk 
of establishing one. 

Definition of Church Colleges 

The General Board of Eeligious Education at its 
meeting January 30, 1919, adopted the following 
definition of a Church College : "A Church College 
is an educational institution giving the standard work 
for a bachelor's degree, which maintains the worship 
of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and in which 
the Church through Bishops ex officio, or through 
other trustees, has an effective voice in the control of 
the academic and temporal affairs of the college." 

Granting fuller Church recognition 

There is a movement toward greater recognition 
from the Church for our remaining colleges. The 
University of the South by its charter is a Church 
institution owned and controlled by the Church in 
certain dioceses. These dioceses elect trustees for 
three years to administer their property. Other 
dioceses, desiring to participate in this ownership, 
must go through certain legal procedure. The Board 
of Trustees reserves the privilege of saying which 
dioceses shall come in and which shall not. The 

171 



The Church at Work in College and University 

dioceses controlling the University of the South com- 
prise nearly all those in the Provinces of Sewanee and 
the Southwest. 

Kenyon College has received the strongest possible 
commendation from the Synod of the Mid- West, upon 
the report of the Provincial Board of Eeligious Educa- 
tion which held a meeting at Kenyon College and 
thoroughly examined the institution. The resolu- 
tions, passed by the Synod, call upon the Church to 
give adequate support to her only college in the Mid- 
West and West. 

The Province of N'ew York and Xew Jersey is 
showing the way for formal recognition by a Pro- 
vincial Synod of any educational institution which 
fulfills certain requirements. The institution in 
applying for recognition must submit the consent of 
the Bishop and the Diocesan Board of Eeligious 
Education of the diocese in which the institution is 
located; a statement of what in the past and present 
gives the Church tone to the institution; why it 
desires to be an authorized educational institution of 
the Province; what its standards of scholarship have 
been and are; a statement of its financial condition 
and resources; number of faculty and students; and 
a statement of the changes which can and will be 
made in its system of management or charter in order 
to give the Province representation on the Board of 
Trustees. Any educational institution so recognized 
is required to render an annual report to the Synod 
through the Provincial Commission on Eeligious 
Education. This action was taken at the S3raod in 
Syracuse, N. Y., November 13, 1918. St. Stephen's 

172 



Church Colleges 

College is applying for such recognition from the 
Province of New York and New Jersey. The prac- 
tical aid extended St. Stephen's College by the 
Province is to be in the form of four scholarships for 
each diocese, voted by the diocesan conventions. 

This is a movement of great promise for giving 
recognition by the Church to an educational institu- 
tion. Most schools and all colleges are too wide in 
influence to be ranked as diocesan, even though they 
cannot aspire to recognition and support by General 
Convention. If more scholarships of the kind men- 
tioned were established, much could be done to save 
our Church colleges. 

Reciprocal relations of Church and College 

The Church must redeem her past and aid her 
colleges before it is too late. Undoubtedly the 
Church college can be built up by a straightforward 
campaign of educating our Church people. If the 
colleges are placed on the same basis financially as 
other colleges, and then a drive is made for students 
on the ground that such a college is just as thorough 
in its work and gives a better rounded education than 
other colleges, the college will be filled to its capacity. 
The Church will respond financially, if the matter is 
properly presented. A few years ago Sewanee ap- 
pealed for three hundred thousand dollars, and the 
siun was promptly given in the South. There is no 
question but that the million dollar endowment, for 
which appeal now is being made, will be secured. 
During the period between these appeals the Univer- 
sity has doubled its enrollment. 

173 



The Church at Work in College and Vniversit}f 

But there is another side to the question, namely, 
what the colleges should do for the Church. The 
service rendered must be reciprocal. The Church to- 
day must make some provision for the training of lay- 
men. The Church needs adequate lay leadership, and 
this can be given only by informed and trained lay- 
men. At present the Church colleges aim to develop 
such men chiefly by their Church Services and atmos- 
phere and by the examples of their professors. The 
teaching of the subjects in which the Church could 
receive special mention is not different from that in 
non-sectarian colleges and universities. So strongly 
does the General Board of Eeligious Education feel 
about this that it resolved at its annual meeting in 
1918, "Efforts should be made to establish in those 
colleges which claim Church support courses in his- 
torical and organized Christianity so as to meet the 
special religious needs of modern life.'' One pro- 
fessor writes that the General Board of Eeligious 
Education should undertake to get endowments for 
such chairs, for the subject deserves, to say the least, 
the whole time of one professor instead of the part 
time of several professors. At the University of the 
South work is being done along these lines. 

A new type of scholarships 

Many people, including the heads of our Church 
colleges, are skeptical about the value of scholarships 
as a means of supporting an institution, yet scholar- 
ships do count a great deal both for the institution 
and for the individuals who receive them. It is well 
to question whether we do not need a new type of 

174 



Church Colleges 

scholarship. The following plan, which was endorsed 
by the General Board of Eeligious Education at its 
meeting, January 30, 1919, may seem at first glance 
impracticable, but has certain points to commend it. 
If we are going to have scholarships, let us strike out 
on new and more effective lines. Briefly stated, this 
new type of scholarship should be given in such a way 
as (1) to establish close personal relations between the 
beneficiary and the people who give it (preferably 
the congregation to which the student belongs), (2) 
to be a reward of merit and previous attainment in 
secondary school, ( 3 ) to train the beneficiary to be an 
active Church worker, and (4) to hold out before the 
beneficiary as a further reward a fellowship in a 
professional school or university. Such scholarships 
would enable the Church to count on a due supply of 
trained leaders. Let us examine each of the points 
of difference between such scholarships and the 
scholarships heretofore common. 

1. Personal contact between donors and 
recipients of scholarsiiips 

In very few cases hitherto has there been any per- 
sonal tie between the student and the donors of a 
scholarship. Friends of the institution have endowed 
some scholarships, which the authorities grant to any 
desirable student applying for scholarship aid, and 
certain societies have funds at their disposal, which 
go chiefly to men planning to enter the ministry. 
Trinity College has eleven scholarships bearing the 
names of parishes, but there seem to be no personal 
relations between the beneficiaries and the parishes, for 

175 



The Church at Work in College and University 

the scholarships are the interest on small invested 
funds. Inasmuch as the diocesan scholarships sought 
by St. Stephen^s College are given by preference to 
the sons of clergymen, a personal interest on the part 
of the diocesan convention in the young man is not 
impossible. 

Parish scholarships 

The ideal group to grant scholarships on a per- 
sonal basis is the parish. By the time a young man 
has reached college age he is well known to the people 
of the church. Even in the case of a very large city 
congregation, the young man is known to certain 
groups in the congregation like the Sunday school 
and the young men's club. The essential thing is for 
the scholarship to be regarded as a parish honor, 
bestowed on one in whose success all feel a keen 
interest. 

A variation of this plan would be for scholarships 
to be maintained at the Church colleges by the Church 
preparatory schools, granted only to those commu- 
nicants who have been graduated with a good record 
and who show promise of leadership. 

2. Scholarships should be rewards of 
previous attainment 

Impecurdosity should not be the chief qualifica- 
tion for receiving a scholarship. There should be 
first of all the evidence of having "made good'^ in 
school. Most of the scholarships granted by parishes 
would go to boys who have been graduated from the 
local high school, and whose school record is, therefore, 

176 



Church Colleges 

known to all who are interested. The candidate 
should have been a leader in one or more lines of 
school endeavor and have won the hearty approbation 
of his schoolmates. Even though he be not remark- 
able in his intellectual attainments, such a boy is 
worth developing into a leader in Church affairs. 

3. Scholarships should train Church leaders 

The parish must see something more than a college 
education in return for its scholarship grants ; it must 
see trained lay workers returning to it or going else- 
where in the Church, or else highly qualified young 
men entering the ministry. The ordinary scholar- 
ship of to-day does not guarantee either. The parishes 
entering on such a plan have a right to ask of the 
college such teaching as will produce men able to step 
at once into positions of lay leadership. History must 
be taught in such a way as to show the part the Church 
has had in the making of the modern world, and 
missions must receive attention as one of the most 
potent forces of to-day. The sociology courses must 
give large place to discussions of the Church's place 
in society and the fundamental necessity of religion 
in human relationships. The spiritual nature of man 
must receive recognition in the teaching of psychol- 
ogy. The student of philosophy must be led to ap- 
preciate Christianity as a system of thought. The 
study of ethics must reveal Christianity as a power for 
righteousness in the heart of man. Even economics 
can be so taught as to develop stewards of the 
Church's temporalities. The scientific studies, espe- 
cially biology, must be made the means of awaking 

177 



The Church at Work in College and University^ 

reverent awe for the creative power of God. By this 
we do not mean what some people have derisively 
called "Christian science", meaning thereby a mixture 
of science and religious philosophy. Both the scien- 
tific description of phenomena and the effort in the 
name of religion to interpret the ultimate nature of 
phenomena in their totality are necessary. It is the 
proper relating of the two which should be given in a 
Church college. 

If these things are true of the so-called secular 
studies, what shall we say of the study of religion it- 
self ? Mere "Bible study" is not enough, even if it 
were carried on in a more scholarly way than is now 
customary. To it should be added a course in com- 
parative religions, and a course in the fundamentals 
of theology as enshrined in the Creeds. 

Courses in lay work 

But there is even more that the Church has a 
right to ask of those institutions which bear her 
name. She can insist on real training in Church life. 
The average college graduate knows next to nothing 
about how the Church is governed, what his duties as 
a lay member are, and how to take his part in some 
form of active service. He knows nothing in any 
systematic way about running a Sunday school, or 
even teaching a Bible class. If he takes charge of a 
boys' club, only native ability and common sense 
come to his aid. Of the complex work of the in- 
stitutional church or settlement house he is pro- 
foundly ignorant, and the science of foreign missions 
is a sealed book. Thus, instead of seeing our college 

178 



Church Colleges 

graduates eagerly taking up Church work, we see them 
holding back, until sought after and forced to learn 
by experience. 

The overcrowded college schedule might be urged 
against such practical courses in lay work. Yet at 
least one group of men could be required to find time 
for them, even if given only in free hours. These 
men would be the scholarship men, sent by their 
parishes to be developed into Church leaders. The 
very attractiveness and practical usefulness of the 
courses would in time lead others to elect them. 

Special courses in professional lay work 

One further service the Church has a right to ask 
of her colleges. She can expect them to train pro- 
fessional social-religious workers. None of our theo- 
logical seminaries is doing this to-day, and there 
seems to be no way of securing this training in the 
broadest and most unrestricted way in a seminary. 
The Church colleges alone can give this training, 
unless we direct our college graduates to certain 
universities or schools of philanthropy. The Univer- 
sity of the South is leading the way in this important 
matter. There a course is offered "covering the 
scholastic year, to special students wishing to qualify 
as social workers, lay missionaries, Sunday school 
teachers, etc. The course, which leads to a certificate 
of proficiency, includes Bible, public speaking, Eng- 
lish, sociology, ethics, and Christian evidences, Bible 
history. Prayer Book, religious pedagogy, and prac- 
tical work in Sunday school, social service, etc., 
assigned, supervised, and graded as laboratory work." 

179 



The Church at Work in College and University 

4. Scholarships must be followed by 
graduate fellowships 

There is one fundamental question yet to be faced. 
Will these changes of emphasis in teaching and the 
offering of new courses necessarily attract students, 
even though scholarships be offered as an inducement ? 
There is among some people a prejudice against the 
small college. It is largely an unreasoned prejudice, 
but it exists. Eeflection ought to show that the 
arguments are in favor of a small college for the un- 
dergraduate, provided the wider career of the univer- 
sity and professional school follows; Thus the parish 
granting a scholarship must go a step beyond any- 
thing yet done in this line. It must extend the 
scholarship into a fellowship for graduate study 
at a university. This will make the scholarship the 
most prized of all honors, for it will open the road 
to professional life to chosen young men, who might 
otherwise drift into the lower ranks of business. All 
through the college course the fellowship would lie 
ahead as the great goal of all endeavor. There would 
be no special and often invidious distinction attached 
to the student for the ministry who receives aid, 
for his former classmates in the law or medical school 
would have also had the same reward for faithful 
work. This fellowship plan would solve many a 
problem for the Board of Missions, which now has no 
way of helping volunteers for the foreign or domestic 
field to obtain their professional training in medicine, 
specialized teaching, and scientific administration. 
Such a plan of fellowships puts the keystone in the 
arch which, on the one hand, upholds the colleges and, 

180 



Church Colleges 

on the other, gives support to the men who are train- 
ing to be Church leaders. 

A new kind of publicity for the Colleges 

Under such a scholarship plan the appeal made by 
the colleges would be wholly different from in the 
past. Usually the colleges have been presented from 
the pulpit and in the public press as always pleading 
for money. Thus they acquire a reputation for 
poverty with all that is usually connoted by that 
word. If the colleges were appealing for students 
and not money, the statements made by them would 
awaken interest and lead to the sending of boys from 
each parish by parents who could afford it, in addition 
to the boy who held the scholarship. Under such 
circumstances it would soon be the normal thing for 
Church families to send their sons to Church colleges. 
This was true of the early days of these colleges, and 
we must restore that condition. 

Financial support would be more easily won 

The annual setting forth of the great work the 
colleges are doing for the Church would have another 
effect. It would create a favorable attitude on the 
part of those who can give largely to building, main- 
tenance, and endowment funds. After a few years 
of such publicity it would be possible to conduct 
financial campaigns, such as are outlined elsewhere in 
this book for Church work at state universities. For 
such campaigns the General Board of Eeligious 
Education would offer its services, welcoming the 
chance to testify to its support of the Church collegeh. 

lai 



The Church at Work in College and University 
Other ways of serving the Church 

There are other ways in which Church colleges can 
serve the Church. They can be the meeting places of 
conferences, synods, institutes, and Summer schools, 
which will greatly influence the life of the Church. 
Thus the first meeting of the [N'ational Student 
Council was at Kenyon College. Thus, too, the 
University of the South, Hobart, and Eacine Colleges 
have entertained summer schools. The University of 
the South maintains a press, which produces impor- 
tant books and publishes periodicals. All the col- 
leges should be furnishing writers and special lecturers 
on all topics vital to the Church. At present, how- 
ever, professors are too few in number and are too 
hard worked to do much of this. Let the Church give 
the colleges fitting support and adequate publicity, 
and all these ways of service to the Church will be 
multiplied indefinitely. 

Student religious activities in Church Colleges 

There is one phase of Church college life which 
needs treatment here, namely, the corporate religious 
life of the students. There is no reference here to 
the Church Services, though they could be made more 
spontaneous and appealing. What is meant is the 
outward expression of student religious life in organ- 
izations, meetings, voluntary study classes, com- 
munity service, etc. N'othing at present seems quite 
to succeed. Somehow the right type of organization 
has not yet been devised, or found elsewhere and made 
indigenous. 

162 



Church Colleges 
Lack of student initiative in religious life 

There is one cause, perhaps the chief one, which 
subdues the expression of religion in our Church col- 
leges. It is the paternal spirit, the ^Tianding down" 
of religious duties from above, which seems to accom- 
pany the worship and discipline of the Church in her 
colleges. The management of religious affairs is in 
the hands of a Chaplain, who is also a professor. The 
students fall into the habit of looking to him to tell 
them what to do, and they then do it without enthu- 
siasm. When there is a Service, they expect the Chap- 
lain to conduct the devotions; when a mission study 
class is planned, the Chaplain by precedent leads it; 
and when a meeting is held some speaker, arranged for 
by the Chaplain, does the talking. There is none of 
the spontaneity and earnestness which is shown by a 
group of students in a state university, on whom rests 
the sole responsibility for representing the Church 
before their fellows. It is easy in a Church college 
to transfer this responsibility to the shoulders of offi- 
cials, and to let one's whole duty be discharged by a 
somewhat grudging attendance at Services. 

It is a rare man who, as Chaplain, can break 
through the difficulties of his position and make the 
students enthusiastic in practical religious work. 
When this happens we have the Justification of the 
Chaplain system, for the Chaplain is no other than a 
pastor. If the students love him, he can plan with 
them all manner of things without seeming to dictate. 

The solution of the problem would seem to be to 
encourage more initiative among the students and 
make them do more by and for themselves. They 

183 



The Church at Work in College and University 

must tMnk and plan for the whole college. A small 
clique gathering for pious self-culture would be most 
dangerous. 

The National Student Council and the Church Colleges 

As for the organization for religious purposes, it 
would be strange indeed if the National Student 
Council could not help create a society which 
would meet the needs of our Church colleges and 
would thrive in the Church atmosphere. A com- 
mittee of the Council, with representatives of the col- 
leges upon it, is at work on the question. Perhaps it 
will advocate only a Chaplain's committee of the most 
virile students, or perhaps it wiU suggest a society, 
embracing the whole student body, with many com- 
mittees ; but, whatever should seem best, the principle 
of the Council is to recognize as a "Unit" of the 
Council that form of organization, most effective in 
local circumstances, which will carry out the broad 
programme the Council has established. 

A new day for the Church Colleges 

What the colleges ask is greater Church support 
and recognition. What the Church asks is a type of 
Church training which cannot be found anywhere 
else in the country. Then let the Church and the 
Colleges move together to the securing of both these 
things, with all that they entail of readjustment of 
teaching and student life. 

A new day should be dawning for our Church 
colleges — a day of more students, greater prestige, and 
larger usefulness to the Church. If both parties con- 

184 



Church Colleges 

cerned will do their best, the Church to support and 
preserve, the colleges to train and equip, there will be 
sent forth a greater stream than ever before of strong 
young men ready for large and abiding service in 
Church and State. 



185 



APPEE^DIX I 

The National Student Council of the 
Episcopal Church 

The N'ational Student Council of the Episcopal 
Church shall consist of two Bishops, three represent- 
atives of each Province, who are communicants in 
good standing in this Church, one a clergyman in a 
college community, one a faculty member, and one a 
student, and two representatives each of the General 
Board of Eeligious Education, the Board of Missions, 
and the Joint Commission on Social Service. 

The Secretary of the Collegiate Department of 
the General Board of Eeligious Education shall be 
President of the Council. 

Any collegiate organization of Episcopal students 
may become a Unit of the Council by agreeing to 
fulfil the minimum programme set forth by the 
Council. It shall cease to be a Unit when it fails to 
fulfil the minimum programme for two successive 
years. 

This minimum programme shall be regular activ- 
ities in (1) worship, (2) religious education, (3) 
Church extension, (4) service, and (5) meetings to 
promote the f orementioned objects, as follows : 

(1) Worship: The Unit shall make provision 
for attendance at a Church Service once a 

187 



The Church at Work in College and University 

week, which if possible shall be the Holy 
Commimion, and shall also make provision 
for a monthly Corporate Communion. 

(2) Religious Education: The Unit shall make 

provision for religions education under 
Church auspices at least during Advent 
and Lent. 

(3) Church Extension: The Unit shall under- 

take to extend the Church both in the col- 
lege and throughout the world by personal 
prayer, work, and contributions. 

(4) Service: The Unit shall provide opportu- 

nities for personal service in the Church 
and in the community. 

(5) Meetings: At least four meetings of the 

Unit shall be held each year. 

Student Secretaries of the General Board of Ee- 
ligious Education, Board of Missions, and Joint 
Commission on Social Service, and of Provincial 
Boards of Religious Education, shall have the priv- 
ilege of being present at meetings of the Council, 
without vote. 

The Council shall arrange conferences, provincial 
and national, of Church college workers. 



The I^ational Student Council of the Episcopal 
Church assembled at Bexley Hall, Gambler, Ohio, 
September 10-12, 1918, acknowledges the foregoing 
action of the Conference of Episcopal College Workers 
at Howe, Ind., May 21-24, 1918, as embodying the 

188 



The National Student Council of the Episcopal Church 

constitutional principles of the Council, and adopts 
the following Enles of Organization : 

KULES OF OEGANIZATION 
Members 

§1. The Provincial Synods shall be asked to elect 
the provincial members of the Council. In the event 
of the failure of any S3rQod to elect, the Council shall 
at its next meeting elect members for that Province, 
after consultation by the Executive Committee with 
the President of the Synod. 

§3. All provincial members of the Council shall 
hold office for two years, one-half of them being 
elected each year, according to the schedule drawn up 
by the Executive Committee. 

§3. The Council shall elect one of the two Bishops 
each year. 

§4. The Executive Committee is empowered to 
fill all vacancies until the next meeting of the Council. 

Officers 

§5. In addition to the President there shaU be a 
Recording Secretary and a Treasurer. 

§6. The President, in addition to the usual duties 
of that office, shall conduct the correspondence of the 
Council. 

Executive Committee 

§7. There shall be an Executive Committee con- 
sisting of one of the representatives of the Board of 
Missions, the General Board of Eeligious Education, 

189 



The Church at Work in College and University 

and the Joint Commission on Social Service, and 
two of the provincial members of the Council, all of 
whom shall be elected by the Council in annual 
meeting. The President and Treasurer shall be, ex- 
officio, members of the Executive Committee. 

§8. The Executive Committee shall be responsible 
for the raising and expending of the funds of the 
Council, rendering an annual report thereof through 
the Treasurer to the Council. 

Meetings 

§9. The Council shall meet .annually, or at the 
call of the Executive Committee. The time and 
place of meeting shall be determined by the Executive 
Committee. 

Units of the Council 

§10. The Executive Committee is empowered to 
"recognize" Units between meetings of the Council, 
and issue certificates of recognition to all Units. 

§11. An organization of college Churchmen in 
applying for recognition as a Unit (1) shall make a 
declaration of its intention to meet the minimum 
programme, and (2) shall present a statement of its 
organization. 

§12. The Executive Committee shall procure 
annual reports from the Units, and recommend to 
the Council when in their judgment recognition 
should be withdrawn from any Unit. 

MOTTO OF THE C0U2TCIL 

Pro Christo per Ecclesiam 
190 



APPEKDIX II 

Agencies at Work in the Student Field 

The World's Student Christian Federation 

Dr. John R. Mott, General Secretary, 347 Madison Ave., 
New York City. TMs Federation unites the students of 
the world in their Christian work. It is organized in 13 
national and international branches, embracing no less than 
40 nations, with membership of 189,000 students and pro- 
fessors in 1915-16. It publishes in several languages an 
interesting quarterly, The Student World. The American 
branch, embracing the United States and Canada, is the 
only instance in the Federation where the student work is 
an organic part of the Young Men's and Young Women's 
Christian Associations. In other countries the Y. M. C. A. 
and the Student Movement have little connection with each 
other. The War may change this, as each body has ren- 
dered so much service to the other that the dividing lines 
have practically disappeared. As the students have year 
by year been drawn in increasing numbers into the armed 
service of their nations, and the colleges have been emptied, 
the Student Movements have turned their attention to serv- 
ing the student soldiers, and the interned students or stu- 
dent prisoners. It is important to note as an evidence of 
the strength of the Movement that it has not split because 
of the misunderstandings and estrangements of war, as 
other international bodies have done. When the War is 
over the Federation can begin its work at once, and may 
play a considerable part in the days of world reconstruction. 

191 



The Church at Work in College and University 

The Council of North American Student Movennents 

It might perhaps be giving too much dignity to an 
essentially deliberative body to list it as a separate agency 
in the student field. Each of the constituent members of 
the Council listed below is autonomous in the fullest sense, 
and the decisions of the Council become operative only as 
they are accepted by the separate bodies. But, like all other 
representative organizations, the Council tends to become 
year by year more important, and to be to other similar 
organizations, like the Council of Church Boards of Educa- 
tion, the mouthpiece of the Men's and Women's Christian 
Association student work. This Council does not maintain 
separate oflBces or an employed staff. Until recently it 
published a monthly magazine, entitled The North Amer- 
ican Student. The Council is made up of representatives 
of the following: 

The Student Department of the International Committee 
of the Y. iVI. C. A.'s in the United States 

David R. Porter, Executive Secretary, 347 Madison Ave., 
New York City. Membership in 1915-16, 71,755. Before 
the War there were about twenty secretaries working in the 
Department. Some were field men, some were specializing 
on particular classes of institutions, and some on special 
phases of the work, such as Bible Study. There were also 
student secretaries of many of the state committees of the 
Y. M. C. A.'s, and more than sixty "local" secretaries. Re- 
ports in those days showed about 500 active and vigorous 
Associations in as many colleges, and many more that were 
not in such good shape. Monthly magazine. The Inter- 
collegian. 

The Student Department of the National Council of the 
Y. M. C. A.'s of Canada 

120 Bay Street, Toronto. 

192 



The Agencies at Work 

The Student Department of the National Board of 
Y. W. C. A.'s of the United States 

Miss Bertha Conde, Senior Secretary, 600 Lexington 
Ave., New York City. Membership in 1915-16, 61,569. The 
remarks made above as to the organization of the men's 
student work apply to the women, except that there are no 
state student secretaries, the field or territorial secretaries 
being all on the national staff. Magazine, The Association 
Monthly. 

The Student Young Women's Christian Associations 
of Canada 

332 Bloor Street, Toronto. 

The Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions 

Fenndl P. Turner, General Secretary, 25 Madison Ave., 
New York City. As already stated, this Movement is 
affiliated with each of the above, but is separately organized, 
because of its relation to the Boards of Missions of the 
various communions. For the former it directs and pro- 
motes the missionary phases of their work, for the latter it 
calls and guides volunteers for the foreign mission field. 
It does not, however, as is sometimes stated, send out 
missionaries. That is the work of the Boards of Missions. 
Quarterly magazine. The Bulletin. 

Student Conferences 

These are a means rather than an agency in the sense 
in which we have been using the latter term. But the con- 
ferences have such an influence in student work that they 
fully deserve separate mention. 

The Student Y. M. and Y. W. C. A.'s conduct about 
fifteen summer conferences for training and inspiration, 
men and women meeting separately. Attendance, 1916, 
5,984. These conferences last for ten days and consist of 
study classes, addresses, and vocational talks. They are 
addressed by the strongest speakers in America. 

193 



The Church at Work in College and University 

The Student Volunteer Movement conducts a great 
quadrennial convention (5,031 delegates in 1914), and 
smaller annual sectional or territorial gatherings under 
the auspices of "student volunteer unions". Thirty-one 
such conferences in 1915-16 totalled 3,130 in attendance. 
There has been a tendency of late to broaden the scope of 
these conferences, which in former years have been wholly 
missionary in character. Their influence, however, has al- 
ways been felt in more than missionary circles, for the del- 
egates have come back on fire with enthusiasm for all forms 
of Christian work. 

The Council of Church Boards of Education 
in the United States 

The Rev. Robert L. Kelly, Executive Secretary, 19 S. 
La Salle St., Chicago. The Council publishes a bi-weekly, 
The American College Bulletin. Through this Council the 
Boards of Education of the various Churches are united for 
the consideration of all phases of college work. Most of 
these Boards administer the affairs of a large number of 
denominational colleges, a problem our own General Board 
of Religious Education does not face. Their policy also 
calls for the appointment and maintenance of a large num- 
ber of "university pastors", whereas the G. B. R. E. works 
through the ministers in college towns, or through diocesan 
authority in the case of special workers. There are, how- 
ever, many questions of common interest, to the solution of 
which the Council contributes much. On the staff of the 
Council is a research secretary who is doing invaluable 
work in the collection and study of statistics. He is be- 
ginning to bring some order out of the chaos of inaccurate 
and conflicting statistics the Churches have been using in 
their student work. The Council also takes up such 
matters as recruiting for the ministry among college men, 
determines the best methods of work, and organizes inter- 
denominational effort. 

194 



The Agencies at Work 

The Annual Conference of Church Workers 
in State Universities 

These men can hardly be said to form an Association, 
but their annual conference is very well attended and serves 
to make them feel their common bond, and determine the 
best methods of Church work at state universities. The 
Episcopal Church, as we have seen, has few ministers un- 
related to a parish. Those of our parish clergy who are 
doing work in state universities are therefore eligible for 
membership in this conference. As the conference elects 
new officers each year, and the location of its office changes 
with its secretary, it is hardly feasible to give names or 
places here. 

The Association of American Colleges 

With this Association our Church colleges have rela- 
tions. It exists for all educational purposes, and not 
primarily for the study and solution of religious problems. 
It need not, therefore, greatly concern us here. 



195 



appe:^[dix III 

Conferences between the Agencies at Worh in 
the University Field 

Three times have the representatives of the following 
organizations met in conference over their common task, 
twice in Cleveland, Ohio — March, 1915, and November, 1916 
— and once in Chicago — January, 1918: 

The Council of Church Boards of Education. 

The Conference of Church Workers in State Universities. 

The Student Young Women's Christian Associations. 

The Student Young Men's Christian Associations. 

The first Conference appointed a Committee of Reference, 
which carried on important investigations during the inter- 
val between the conferences. 

The reports of these conferences are given in a pamphlet 
entitled Christian Work in State Universities. (See Bib- 
liography of this book.) The foreword of this pamphlet 
reads : 

"The three Conferences whose findings are recorded in 
this Report represent a very honest effort upon the part of 
the organizations involved, to face the great and growing 
need of Christian work among the students in our large 
State Universities and to unite their efforts so effectively 
that Christ shall have opportunity to claim for His own 
service the trained abilities of these young men and women. 

"There is hardly a phase of Church or Association service 
for students that has not been considered. The findings 
may, of course, be far from perfect; but they represent at 
least the main lines of advance upon which all could agree, 
and hence constitute a basis for experiment which if widely 

196 



Conferences between the Agencies 

accepted may yield results from which even more effective 
principles of service may be deduced." 

The Cleveland Conference Findings 

The following is a brief summary of the findings adopted 
by the second Conference: 

Recognizing ( 1 ) "the university as a community with a 
unified community life", which requires "the creation and 
maintenance of a university consciousness favorable to the 
Christian life", the Findings proceed (2) to point out "the 
opportunity and the responsibility of the Church to co- 
operate with the university" in this, and hence (3) the 
necessity of the students being "kept loyal to the Church of 
their preference", and "the identification of each student 
with a local church." 

But to reach the entire university it is held essential in 
the Findings (4) "that the denominations work together 
through some interdenominational movement", which "in 
the light of history and experience" is said to be the Y. M. 
and Y. W. C. A.'s. 

Recognizing (5) "the religious work in the university 
as the common task of the Churches and the Associations" 
the Findings hold that "there is no clear division of in- 
terests" and that "each should feel its responsibility for 
cooperation in the work of the others." (6) This requires 
that "a united and thorough study be made of the needs of 
the entire university" with a view to "a unified programme." 

In all this (7) "student initiative and control . . . 
should be encouraged and utilized" (8) after a "frank con- 
sultation ... to ensure that the local student forces are 
distributed for the most effective manning of all work." 

The Findings recognize (9) "that the Associations shall 
have the right of initiative and that they be held responsible 
for carrying out the joint plans." For this "they should be 
so constituted that the Churches cooperate in forming their 
policies." In explanation of this, reference is made to 
Findings No. IV of the First Cleveland Conference, which 
is quoted in full below. 

While (10) "there must be the fullest opportunity for 

197 



The Church at Work in College and University 

the expression of initiative by the churches", yet "the 
ultimate test should be not only its effectiveness to the in- 
dividual churches, but also its relation to and its effect 
upon the cooperative plans." (11) This calls for "regular, 
thorough, and timely consultation, upon the part of all the 
Christian workers concerned." It is recommended that 
(12) "any agency initiating religious work at the university 
make special effort to secure the support and cooperation 
of all [other such] agencies." 

As secretaries, pastors, and members of boards there 
should be used (13) "only such men and women as have 
both the willingness and the ability to work cooperatively." 
(14) "Movements of obvious good to the whole" should be 
favored by each organization "even though unable for any 
reason to give the same individual support." 

Travelling secretaries and other officers of the various 
national organizations should (15) endeavor to meet all the 
workers "whenever such conference can be made conducive 
to the spirit of general cooperation or whenever such a visit 
is aimed to change or extend plans in which aU are con- 
cerned." 

In the last place (16) the Findings "recognize as supple- 
mentary to the coordination of the agencies of the uni- 
versity center the great advantage which would accrue from 
consultation and conference between representatives of the 
national student and Church agencies regarding the work 
that is being planned for university centers." 

Interdenominational organization of boards of directors 

Findings No. IV of the First Cleveland Conference, re- 
ferred to above, is as follows: 

IV. On the supervisory or advisory bodies of the Asso- 
ciations, both local and national, should be, so far as is 
consistent with efficiency, representatives of the various 
Christian communions, which representatives shall be nom- 
inated by the Association's supervisory or advisory body 
concerned, approved by the proper ecclesiastical authority 
of the Christian communions concerned; and, in the case of 
local Associations, elected by the Association. It is under- 

198 



Conferences between the Agencies 

stood that in the case of the Young Women's Christian 
Association their supervisory or advisory bodies will be 
composed of women. It is also understood that persons 
elected to these supervisory or advisory bodies shall have 
qualifications which agree with the membership require- 
ments of the Association Movements. 

The University of Pennsylvania Christian Association 

The method of organization of the Christian Association 
of the University of Pennsylvania is the most thorough- 
going example of this union of all forces. One of the 
Association secretaries describes it as follows: 

"The Christian Association of the University of Penn- 
sylvania (the corporate title by its charter) is a real 
Association of Christian Churches. Its Secretarial staff is 
made up of laymen or clergymen — more of the latter than 
of the former — of the largest communions, appointed by 
the Church authorities of those communions. The Epis- 
copal Church representative is the appointee of the Bishop 
of the diocese, and part of his support comes from the 
diocesan convention. The Presbyterian Church represent- 
ative is appointed by the Presbyterian Board of Education, 
and half his support comes from that Board. The Baptist 
representative is largely supported, and the Lutheran rep- 
resentative altogether, by their respective Boards of Educa- 
tion. The Methodist Church situation is being worked out 
on the same basis. The Association Board of Directors in- 
cludes in its membership denominational representatives, 
nominated by the proper Church authorities to the students 
for election. 

"By this method of organization the Christian Associa- 
tion and the different communions reap the benefit of 
cooperation, while at the same time each denominational 
Secretary can contribute to the whole student body, as well 
as to his own denominational students, whatever that de- 
nomination has to contribute as its own peculiar gift. Each 
Secretary generally is in charge of some other phase of the 
religious activities. For example, the Presbyterian Sec^-e^- 

199 



The Church at Work in College and University 

tary has had to do with the Bible and Mission Study 
throughout the University. The Episcopalian Secretary has 
charge of the daily Chapel services and of Vocational 
Guidance, while the Baptist Secretary has been in charge 
of the Social Service work. Each Secretary organizes a 
strong undergraduate Committee to work with him in 
connection with all denominational activities, while the 
students of each denomination are represented in the 
Association organization by a Vice President elected to the 
Association Cabinet by his denominational constituents. 

"The experience at the University of Pennsylvania would 
go to show that Church unity is a practical thing in opera- 
tion, and that the work in which all are so interested can 
be conducted with complete harmony." 

The University of California Cliristian Association 

The University of California Association has exper- 
imented in carrying out the Cleveland Conference findings 
in its organization. The Board of Directors is made up of 
representatives of the churches doing a large work at the 
University, nominated by the Board, approved by the church, 
and elected by the Association. This Board chooses workers 
in cooperation with the proper denominational authority. 
These men are on the staff of the Christian Association. 
Ideally, but not actually in every case, they are paid from 
the treasury of the Association. Policies developed by this 
staff are submitted to the student cabinet for adoption. The 
Christian work on the campus is carried on both through 
the Association and the various churches. Each church is 
represented by a student on a church cooperation committee, 
the chairman of which is a member of the Cabinet. 

Recent developments by the Committee of Reference 

In the working out of the principles of the Cleveland 
Conferences, it appeared that the Associations were inter- 
preting them as giving to their bodies full executive 
authority in all common tasks. Thus many things decided 
upon in conference were changed in practice. As the 

200 



Conferences between the Agencies 

churches and the Associations largely rely on the same 
students in their work, this lack of continued cooperation 
led to difficulty and misunderstanding. 

The Council of Church Boards of Education at its annual 
meeting in January, 1919, reviewed the whole situation and 
resolved that "the union of all Christian Agencies at work 
in each center, with full and visible recognition of the iden- 
tification of their interests, is essential to the success of the 
enterprise and the spiritual welfare of the students." 

In view of the full and frank expression by the Secre- 
taries of the various Church Boards of Education of the 
feeling that the findings of the Cleveland Conferences were 
now inadequate for efficient work in the light of past ex- 
perience and post-war conditions, the Committee of Refer- 
ence was summoned to meet February 7, 1919, in Dr. John 
R. Mott's offices in New York. The Committee adopted the 
following as an interpretation of and supplement to the 
Cleveland Conference Findings, which at the time of writing 
is being submitted to the various bodies concerned for 
ratification. 

MEMORANDUM ADOPTED BY THE COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE 

"I. The General Advisory Board of the Christian forces 
in the University should be organized in accordance with the 
Findings of the First Cleveland Conference (No. IV). In 
universities where there are both Young Men's and Young 
Women's Christian Associations, it should be composed of 
the Advisory Boards of both Associations. It is recom- 
mended that the students themselves should have represen- 
tation on this General Advisory Board. 

"II. The employed staff should be composed of the Gen- 
eral Secretaries of the two Associations, the denominational 
Secretaries, and such other Secretaries as may be needed to 
meet the religious needs of the whole University, all to be 
selected by the General Advisory Board, with the approval 
of the Cabinets of the two Associations; and, in the case of 
denominational representatives serving on the staff, they 
should be jointly selected by the Advisory Board and the 
Board of Education of the denomination or other proper 

201 



The Church at Work in College and University 

denominational authority. Where practicable, all of the 
Secretaries should be paid through a common local treasury. 
Local ministers doing student work as representatives of 
their denominations should be ex officio members of the 
staff. In choosing all these workers, special attention 
should be given to the principle enunciated in point 13 of 
the Second Cleveland Conference. 

"III. The staff of Secretaries should function as a unity 
on the college campus. Their responsibility relates to the 
work of both men and women. There should be a general 
Executive Secretary who acts as chief of staff. Policies 
should be worked out by the entire staff working together, 
in fullest cooperation with the Association Cabinets. 

"IV. Wherever the students are organized into denomi- 
national groups or societies, these separate groups should, 
so far as practicable, be represented on the Association 
Cabinets." 



As the General Board of Religious Education has not at 
time of printing yet considered the matter, the memorandum 
is here recorded for information only. 



202 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 

(Addresses of publishing houses, boards, and organizations 
given when first mentioned.) 

CHAPTER I 

G. B. R. ^.—Minutes of Chicago (1917) and Howe (1918) 
Conferences of Episcopal College Workers. Manuscripts 
loaned on request by the General Board of Religious 
Education, 289 Fourth Avenue, Xew York City. 

National Student Council — Bulletin Xunaber One of the 
National Student Council gives the President's Charge 
to the Council at its first meeting. Sent free of charge 
by the Xational Student Council of the Episcopal Church, 
289 Fourth Avenue, New York City. 

CHAPTER II 

Association Press — 347 Madison Avenue, New York City, 
"Books with Purpose." 

Woman's Press — 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City, 
"Books for Thinking Women." 

Catalogues of publishing houses which make a specialty 
of books and pamphlets for and about students. 

Mott, J. i?.— "Work for New Students". Pamphlet. (Asso- 
ciation Press.) 5 cents. For Y. M. C. A. workers, but 
full of suggestions for others. 

Ashley, W. B. — "Church Advertising" (J. B. Lippincott & 
Co., Philadelphia) $1.00. 

Men and Religion Movement — "Publicity Message" (Asso- 
ciation Press) $1.00. 

Routzahn, M. >Sf.— "The A B C of Exhibit Planning" (Rus- 
sell Sage Foundation, 130 E. 22nd Street, New York 
City) $1.50. 

203 



The Church at Work in College and University 

CHAPTER III 

Church Organizations — ^Valuable suggestions can be found 
in the pamphlets, handbooks, and manuals of the organ- 
izations mentioned in this chapter. The addresses of 
their national headquarters are: Brotherhood of 8t. 
Andrew, Church House, 12th and Walnut Streets, Phil- 
adelphia; Daughters of the King, Eoom 84, Bible House, 
New York City; Qirls' Friendly Society, Room 56, 
Church Missions House, 281 Fourth Avenue, New York 
City; Woman's Auxilia/ry, Church Missions House, 281 
Fourth Avenue, New York City. 

Porter, D. R. — "Student Associations and the Church" 
(Association Press). Pamphlet. 5 cents. 

Conde, Bertha — "Association Membership and Church 
Work", (Woman's Press) 10 cents. 

Evans, T. 8. — "The Church at Work in the Universities" 
(Association Press). Pamphlet. 20 cents. 

Cleveland and Chicago Conferences — "Christian Work in 
State Universities" ( Association Press ) . Pamphlet. 25 
cents. 

CHAPTER IV 

Barry, Alfred— "The Teacher's Prayer Book" (Thomas Nel- 
son & Sons, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York City ) . $1.50. 

Hart, Samuel — "The Book of Common Prayer" (The Uni- 
versity Press, University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn. ) . 
$1.50. 

Sturgis, W. C. — "An Oflfice of Intercession for the Church 
and Her Mission" (Board of Missions). Special brief 
Services for missions, social service, and religious educa- 
tion, litanies, prayers, psalms, and responsive readings. 
70 cents. 

Micou, Paul — "The Conduct of Brief Devotional Meetings" 
(Association Press). 50 cents. 

Hepher, Cyril, et al.— ''The Fellowship of Silence" (The 
Macmillan Company, 64 Fifth Avenue, New York City). 
$1.75. 

McNeils, A. fi".— "Self-Training in Prayer" and "After This 

204 



Bibliography 

Manner Pray Ye" (Longmans, Green & Co., 443 Fourth 
Avenue, New York City). 50 cents each. 

Fosdick, H. E. — "The Meaning of Prayer" and "The Mean- 
ing of Faith" (Association Press). 75 cents and $1.00. 

Carey, W. J. — "Prayer and Some of Its Difficulties" (Long- 
mans). 30 cents. 

Fiske, Charles— ''The Experiment of Faith" (F. H. Revell, 
156 Fifth Avenue, New York City). $1.00. 

CHAPTER V 

National Student Council — "The Significance of Christ for 
the College Age", Bulletin Number Three. Free on appli- 
cation. A symposium of the views of many clergy in 
college communities on how to teach the Life of Christ 
to students. 

Council of North American Student Movements — "Voluntary 
Study Groups" (Association Press). A brief manual on 
how to organize and conduct such groups in a college. 
10 cents. 

Ingham, H. M. — "Simple Answers to Some Plain Questions 
about the Church" (Order from Rev. H. M. Ingham, 
Keene, N. H.) An 8-page folder, 85 cents per 100. 

Eoly Cross Press— "The Holy Cross Tracts" (West Park, 
New York). 

Strayer, P. M., et al. — "Study Outline in the Problems of 
the Reconstruction Period" (Association Press). Con- 
tains one of the finest bibliographies yet assembled on 
social, economic, ethical, and international problems. 25 
cents. 

Elliott, H, /8f.— "Building a New World" (Association 
Press ) . An outline for the discussion of the Christian 
issues involved in the winning of the War and the estab- 
lishment of world democracy. 50 cents. 

Carey, W. J. — "Have You Understood Christianity" (More- 
house Publishing Co., Milwaukee, Wis.). 45 and 60 
cents. 

"The Life in Grace" (Longmans) . $1.00. 
"The Kingdom that Must be Built" (Gorham, 11 West 
45th Street, New York City). 60 cents. 

205 



The Church at Work in College and University 

Gore, Charles — "The Creed of a Christian" (Gorham). 60 
cents. "The Religion of the Church" (Morehouse). 75 
cents. 

Bishop of Peterhorouffh, et al. — "The Creed of a Church- 
man" ( Longmans ) . 40 and 50 cents. 

Figgis, J. N. — "The Gospel and Human Needs" (Long- 
mans). 25 cents and $1.50. 

MacNutt, et al. — "The Church in the Furnace" (Macmillan) . 
$1.75 

Drown, E. ^.— "The Apostles' Creed" (Macmillan). $1.00. 

Atwater, G. P. — "The Episcopal Church" (Morehouse). At- 
tractively written in the form of conversations between 
a rector and several professional men. 60 cents and 
$1.00. 

Sanday, TF.— "Outlines of the Life of -Christ" ( Charles Scrib- 
ner's Sons, 597 Fifth Avenue, New York City). Same 
as the article "Jesus Christ" in the Hastings' Dictionary 
of the Bible. Several years old, but still good. 60 cents. 

Hill, W. 5.— "Introduction to the Life of Christ" (Scrib- 
ner's ) . 60 cents. 

Glover, T. R. — "The Jesus of History" (Association Press). 
A masterly apologetic through a reconstruction of Jesus 
and His times by the use of a trained historical imagi- 
nation. $1.00. 

FosdicTc, H. E. — "The Manhood of the Master" (Association 
Press ) . A devotional study, unsurpassed in its por- 
trayal of the human nature of our Lord. 75 cents. 

Bushnell, Horace — "The Character of Jesus" ( Scribner's ) . 
A reprint of Chapter X of "Nature and the Supernatu- 
ral". Sets forth the self-evidencing, superhuman charac- 
ter of Christ with remarkable vigor and clarity. 60 
cents. 

Griffith-Thomas, W. H. G. — "Christianity is Christ" (Long- 
mans). A strong, brief apologetic. 40 cents. 

Conyheare, F. C. — "The Historical Christ" ( Open Court, 122 
S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago ) . A strong defense of the 
historicity of Jesus, and a plea for moderation and good 
sense in dealing with the writings of early Christianity. 
$1.50. 

206 



BibliogTaphyf 

Ross, D<wid M. — "The Teaching of Jesus" ( Scribner's ) . 90 
cents. 

Fairioeather, Wm. — "From the Exile to the Advent" (Serib- 
ner's ) . A readable history of the Jews between the Old 
and New Testament. 90 cents. 

Talhot, N. 8.— ''The Mind of the Disciples" (Macmillan). 
A study from the standpoint of modern psychology of 
the impression Christ made on His contemporaries, and 
the evidence to be seen therein of His deity. $1.60. 

Charles, R. H. — "Religious Development between the Old 
and New Testaments" (Henry Holt & Co., 19 W. 44th 
Street, New York City) . A volume of the Home Univer- 
sity Library. Valuable. Deals largely with apocalyptic 
literature and the growth of religious ideas and customs. 
75 cents. 

Eollmann, G. W. — "Jewish Religion in the Time of Jesus" 
(American Unitarian Association, Boston, Mass.). 
Excellent little summary of the Jewish religion in 
Christ's day. $1.00. 

Mathews, Shailer — "New Testament Times in Palestine" 
(Morehouse). $1.00. 

"Messianic Hope in the New Testament" (University of 
Chicago Press). $2.50. 

Hushand, R. W. — "The Prosecution of Jesus" (Princeton 
University Press, Princeton, N. J. ) . From the point of 
view of an expert in Roman law. $1.50. 

Wynne, F. R., et al. — "The Literature of the Second Cen- 
tury". An account of the productions of the post-Apos- 
tolic age. Out of print. 

Sharman, H. B. — "Records of the Life of Jesus" ( George H. 
Doran Co., 244 Madison Avenue, New York City ) . The 
latest and most scholarly English Harmony of the Gos- 
pels. $2.50. 

New Testament — "A New Translation of the New Testa- 
ment", James Moffatt, trans. (Association Press). The 
best of the modern translations. $1.00. 

Apocrypha — Text only ( Oxford University Press ) . 65 cents. 
Text with history and commentary (S. P. C. K.) $1.60. 
Sold by Gorham, New York City. 

207 



The Church at Work in College and University^ 

Beegle, M. P. and Crcuwford, J. R. — "Community Drama and 
Pageantry" (Yale University Press). Contains a 
very extensive bibliography. $3.00, 

National Student Council — A Bulletin on religious dramat- 
ics and pageantry for college students. Ready October, 
1919. Free on application. 

G. B. R. E. — "Studies in Religion in War Time". Syllabus 
for discussion ( General Board of Religious Education ) . 
2 cents each. 

For further suggestions write Rev. Paul Micou, Secre- 
tary of the Collegiate Department of the General Board 

of Religious Education. 

Larger books for careful study of modern problems 
in religion. 

Micou, R. W. — "Basic Ideas in Religion, or Apologetic The- 
ism". A treatment of fundamental religious issues 
from the standpoint of modern science, psychology, 
ethics, and philosophy (Association Press). $2.50. 

Streeter, B. H., et al. — "Immortality, an Essay in Discov- 
ery, Coordinating Scientific, Psychical, and Biblical Re- 
search" (Macmillan). $3.00. 

"Concerning Prayer, Its Nature, Its Diflficulties, and Its 
Value" (Macmillan). $3.00. 

"Foundations." A statement of Christian belief in 
terms of modern thought (Macmillan). $2.50. 

Holtzmann, Oscar — "Life of Jesus" (Macmillan). Treats 
the (jospel story reverently, even though rationalis- 
tically. $4.25. 

Sanday, W. — "Christologies, Ancient and Modem" (Ox- 
ford). $2.40. 

Underhill, Evelyn — "Mysticism". A general work on mys- 
ticism. "The Mystic Way," especially the chapters on 
the record of the Synoptic Gospels (E. P. Dutton & Co., 
681 Fifth Avenue, New York City). $5.00 and $4.00. 

CHAPTER VI 

Student Volunteer Movement — ^Annual Prospectus of mis- 
sion study books, the most valuable and up-to-date 
bibliography of missionary books. Furnished free on 

208 



Bibliography 

application. Several pamphlets on mission study, 5 or 
10 cents each. 25 Madison Avenue, New York City. 
"The Volunteer Band", "What Constitutes a Missionary 
Call", "What is Involved in Signing the Declaration", 
and other similar pamphlets. 5 cents each. 

Board of Missionary Preparation — "Publications of the 
Board of Missionary Preparation", 25 Madison Avenue, 
New York City. Pamphlets on special preparation, 10 
cents each. Pamphlets on the presentation of Chris- 
tianity in different countries, 50 cents each. 

Dennett, Tyler — "The Democratic Movement in Asia" 
(Association Press). An up-to-date statement by a trav- 
eller and journalist, of currents beneath the surface due 
to missions. $1.25. 

Murray, J. L.— "The Call of a World Task in War Time" 
( Student Volunteer Movement ) . A stirring challenge 
to all Christians and especially students to seize the 
opportimities created by the War and to make good its 
losses. 40 and 60 cents. 

Shriver, W. P. — "Immigrant Forces" (Missionary Educa- 
tion Movement, 160 Fifth Avenue, New York City). 50 
cents. 

Sturgis, W. C. — "The Church and the Immigrant" (Board 
of Missions). In preparation. 
For further suggestions about the study of missions 

write to William C. Sturgis, Ph.D., Educational Secretary, 

Board of Missions. 

Smyth, 'Newman — "Passing Protestantism and Coming 
Catholicism" (Scribner's). 60 cents. 

Chandler, Arthur — "The English Church and Reunion" 
(Gorham). $1.40. 

Streeter, B. H. — "Restatement and Reunion" (Macmillan). 
$1.00. 

Kelly, Herlert — "The Church and Religious Unity" (Long- 
mans). $1.75. 
For pamphlets of the Commission on a World Conference 

on Faith and Order, and for further suggestions as to the 

study of Christian Unity, write to Mr. Robert H. Gardiner, 

174 Water Street, Gardiner, Me. 

209 



The Church at Work in College and University 

CHAPTER VII 

Publications of the Church's Organizations, see Bibliog- 
raphy of Chapter I. 
G. B. R. E. — "Church Ideals in Education", 50 cents. For 

this book and for other suggestions as to the study of 

religious education and the Sunday school write to the 

General Board of Eeligious Education. 
Bradner, Lester — "Organizing the Smaller Sunday School" 

( Morehouse ) . 75 cents. 
Y. M. C. A. — "Volunteer Social Service by College Men" 

(Association Press). Pamphlet. 10 cents. 
Stone, Mabel — "How to Promote Eight Weeks' Clubs in the 

Colleges" ( Woman's Press ) . An eight weeks' club is a 

girls' club conducted in the summer vacation by college 

girls. 10 cents. 
Y. W. C. A.— "Eight Weeks of Service in Your Home Com- 
munity" (Woman's Press). Fuller and more recent 
than the above. 35 cents. 
Ferris, Hilda — "Girls' Clubs" (Woman's Press). 10 cents. 
Moxey, Mary — "Girlhood and Character" ( Woman's Press ) . 

$1.50. 
Rauschenhusch, W. — "Christianity and the Social Crisis" 

(Macmillan). $1.50. 

"Christianizing the Social Order" (Macmillan). $1.50. 

"The Social Principles of Jesus" (Association Press) . A 

devotional study. 75 cents. 

"A Theology for the Social Gospel" (Macmillan). 

Larger and more expensive than the last named, $1.50. 
Peahody, F. G. — "Jesus Christ and the Social Question" 

(Macmillan). $1.50. 
Scares, T. G. — "Social Institutions and Ideals of the Bible", 

Part III (Abingdon Press, 150 Fifth Avenue, jSTew York 

City). 60 cents. 
Willis, H. E. — "The Law of Social Justice" (Association 

Press ) . A careful weighing by a lawyer of the legal 

values of the Christian code. A remarkable and fresh 

portrayal of Christ as the greatest lawgiver. $1.00. 
Tedder, H. C. — "The Gospel of Jesus and the Problems of 

Democracy" (Macmillan). $1.50. 

210 



Bibliograph}^ 

Devine, E. T. — "Misery and Its Causes*^ ( Macmillan ) . 
$1.25. 

"The Family and Social Work" (Association Press). 
60 cents. 

Carlton, F. T. — "The Industrial Situation" (Revell). 75 
cents. 

Wilson, W. H.—"The Church of the Open Country" (Mis- 
sionary Education Movement). 50 cents. 

Trawick, A. M. — "The City Church and Its Social Mission" 
( Association Press ) . 60 cents. 

Ward, H. F.— "The Labor Movement" (Sturgis & Walton, 
31 E. 27th Street, New York City). $1.25. 

Kent, C. F. — "Social Teachings of the Prophets and Jesus" 
(Scribner's). $1.50. 

Simkhovitch, M. K. — "The City Workers' World in Amer- 
ica" (Macmillan). $1.25. 

Addams, Jane — "The New Conscience and an Ancient Evil" 
( Macmillan ) . 50 cents. 
"Twenty Years at Hull House" (Macmillan). $1.70. 

Howe, F. C— "The Modern City and Its Problems" (Scrib- 
ner's). $1.60. 

Crouch, F. M. — "The Social Teaching of the Prophets", 
"Social Aspects of Church History". "Outlines for 
Social Study" ( Joint Commission on Social Service ) . 10 
cents each. 
For further suggestions as to study of social problems 

write Rev. F. M. Crouch, Secretary of the Joint Commission 

on Social Service, 281 Fourth Avenue, New York City. 

CHAPTER VIII 

Hollingioorth, H. L. — "Vocational Psychology" (D. Apple- 
ton & Co., New York City ) . Recommended to those 
who desire to understand what a college psychological 
laboratory affords in the way of vocational guidance. 
$2.50. 
Brent, Charles H. — "Leadership" (Longmans). $1.25. 
Board of Missions — "Service Series, Opportunities of the 
Ministry and in the Mission Field". Only pamphlets on 
vocation yet published by any Board of the Episcopal 

211 



The Church at Work in College and University 

Church. In a neat box. 25 cents. Special prices quoted 
on lots of twelve or more. 

Mott, J. J?.— "The Future Leadership of the Church" and 
"Claims and Opportunities of the Ministry" (Associa- 
tion Press ) . 50 cents each. 

Joint Committee of the War Work Council of Y. M. C. A.'s 
and the Committee on Recruiting and Training of the 
General War Time Commission of the Churches has put 
out a series of attractive pamphlets on the various call- 
ings (Association Press), 10 cents each, 80 cents a 
dozen. 

Conde, Bertha — "Service Bulletin" (Woman's Press). 10 
cents. 

CHAPTER IX 

National Student Council — Bulletin Number Four. A cata- 
logue of the Churchmen on the faculties of the leading 
colleges and universities. Ready April, 1919. Free on 
application. 

Gogin, Gertrude — "Vocational Guidance for Workers with 
Girls" (Woman's Press). 10 cents. 

Butler, E. R. — "Christian Living in Terms of Service" 
(Woman's Press). 10 cents. 

CHAPTER XIII 

National Student Council — Bulletin Number Two. Free on 
application. Chapter XIII of this book in pamphlet 
form. 

Eddy, Sherwood— ''The Students of Asia" (Student Volun- 
teer Movement ) . 60 cents. 

Committee on Friendly Relations — "Future Leaders of the 
Nations". A pamphlet issued for private circulation. 
347 Madison Avenue, New York City. 

Burton, Margaret — "Women Workers of the Orient" (Wom- 
an's Press ) . 35 and 50 cents. 

Board of Missions — "Missionary Bishops of the American 
Church" (Morehouse). Twelve portrait cards. 25 
cents. It is suggested that each clergyman keep these 
on hand for use in conversation with foreign Church 
students. 

212 



INDEX 

(Roman Numerals refer to Chapters) 



Advent; 10. 

Advertising; see "publicity". 

Advisers, faculty; 107, 113. 

Agape, the; 40. 

Agencies, religious, in stu- 
dent work; 191, 196. 

Anglican and Eastern Asso- 
ciation; 158. 

Arizona, University of; 24, 
55. 

Association of American 
Colleges; 195. 

Baptism; 13, 45, 136, 154. 
Bible, study of the; 5, 46, 
47, 48, 53, 79, 111, 119, 
178. 
Bishop, the; 28, 45, 59, 94, 
121, 129, 134, 135, 137, 
139, 154, 155, 157, 164, 
167, 172. 
Conference with his col- 
lege clergy; 144. 
Student congregation ( q, 

v.). 
Visitation; 19, 20, 139. 
Board of Missions; 5, 8, 59, 



63, 66, 69, 74, 101, 102, 
103, 135, 136, 139, 140, 
145, 154, 156, 157, 167, 
180. 

Board of Missionary Prep- 
aration; 101. 

British Student Movement; 
30. 

Brotherhood of St. Andrew; 
23, 73, 129, 130. 

Brown, Prof. Emily F.; 50, 
52. 

Brown University; 2. 

Bryn Mawr College; 27. 

Bulletin board; 59, 74, liO. 

California, University of ; 

25, 200. 
Calls, pastoral; 14, 15, 120, 

130. 
On foreign students; 160, 

161, 164. 
On sick students; 108, 161. 
Camp, Eugene; 94. 
Candidate Secretary; 101, 

102. 
Card catalogues; 103, 155. 



213 



The Church at Work in College and University 



Chaplain of a Church col- 
lege; 183, 184. 
Christianity; 2, 4, 41, 48, 
55, 81, 85, 118, 141, 167. 
Church, the; 1, 3, 9, 11, 15, 
16, 19, 31, 35, 43, 46, 51, 
52, 63, 68, 70, 77, 88, 89, 
90, 94, 95, 105, 106, 112, 
115, 118, 125, 133, 137, 
138, 145, 149, 150, 155, 
156, 167, 169, 177, 178, 
198. 

Catholicity of; 29, 51. 

"College church"; 40, 41. 

Colleges; 123, xiv. 

Contribution of, to uni- 
versity religion; 32, 33, 
36, 141. 

Extension; 10, vi, 117, 
140. 

Faith and doctrine of the; 
33, 35, 54, 55, 60, 101, 
115. 

History, social study of; 
79, 80. 

House for students; 26, 
117, 123, 124, 125, 126, 
127, 135. 

Life; 21, 41, 45, 55, 56, 
59, 101, 119, 122, 124, 
178, 182. 

Loyalty to the; 32, 71. 

Mission of the ; 34, 43, 63, 
66, 69, 77, 88, 167. 

Missionary work of the; 
65, 133; see also "mis- 
sionaries". 

Periodicals; 58, 59, 74, 
127, 182. 



Preparatory schools ; 5, 

15, 130, 176. 
Responsibility of the, for 

foreign students; xiii. 
Summer schools; 67, 143, 

182. 
Training for work in; 7, 
42, 60, 62, 67, 72, 73, 
75, 83, 101, 117, 119, 
121, 143, 147, 148, 175, 
177, 178, 179, 185. 
Witness to the; 29, 32, 

110. 
Work for women; 89, 90, 

91, 96. 
Year; 55. 
Church Boards of Educa- 
tion; 3, 194, 201. 
Church building open for 

prayer; 44. 
Church Students' Mission- 
ary Association; 4. 
Church training schools for 

women; 91, 92. 
Classification of college 
Church work; 24, 25, 
26, 122, 123, 124, 136. 
Clergy in college communi- 
ties, type of men neces- 
sary; 3, 4, 118, 119, 
127. 
"Inner circle" of the col- 
lege clergy; 28. 
Of parishes from which 
students go to college; 
13, 14, xi, 138. 
Cleveland Conference Find- 
ings; 197. 
Colorado, University of; 8. 



214 



Index 



Columbia University; 2, 25, 

27, 92, 148, 169, 170. 
Commission on a World 
Conference on Faith 
and order; 71. 
Committee, chaplain's or 
rector's; 27, 29, 184. 

Episcopal, of the Associa- 
tions; 26, 27, 29. 

On a national Church so- 
ciety for students; 7, 8, 
9. 

On Friendly Relations 
with Foreign Students; 
151, 155, 166. 

Of Reference of the Cleve- 
land Conferences; 196, 
200, 201. 
Communion, the Holy; 10, 
33, 37, 38, 39, 41, 46, 
126, 136, 156. 

Corporate; 10, 40, 119, 
137, 139. 
Community, the college; 76, 

77, 104, 112, 115, 133. 
Conferences and conven- 
tions; 5, 70, 71, 111, 
113, 142, 143, 182. 

Of Episcopal College 
Workers; 143. 
Chicago, 1917; 7, 133. 
Howe, 1918; 7, 8, 11, 
48, 117, 123, 136. 

Missionary Education 

Movement; 142, 143. 

Student Volunteer Unions ; 
67, 98, 194. 

Student Volunteer Move- 
ment; 5, 64, 98, 194. 



Summer Student Confer- 
ences; 64, 88, 142, 193. 

Confirmation; 13, 45, 46, 47, 
56, 136, 139, 142. 

Consecration; 69, 84, 87. 

Conservation; 136, 137, 141, 
142. 

Cornell University; 82. 

Cosmopolitan Clubs; 153, 
162. 

Council of Church Boards of 
Education; 194; 201. 

Council of North American 
Student Movements; 53, 
192. 

Creed, the; 47, 178. 

Crouch, Rev. F. M.; 77, 89. 

Cultivation of students; 
102, 103. 

Curate or assistant for stu- 
dent work; 117, 119, 
120, 123, 126, 127. 

Curriculum, the; 38, 49, 50, 
52, 59, 87, 93, 102, 105, 
174, 179. 
Lack of, for religious edu- 
cation; 60. 
Religious education re- 
ceiving credits; 60, 61. 
Religious education values 
in; 49, 50, 105, 106, 177, 
178. 

Dartmouth College; 2. 
Daughters of the King; 23. 
Deaconess; 28, 63, 88, 91, 

96, 97, 101, 119, 120, 

123, 134. 
Decisions; 46, 84, 100, 136, 

141. 



215 



The Church at Work in College and University 



Declaration card of the stu- 
dent volunteer; 99, 100. 

Democracy; 81. 

Student; 9, 17, 19, 22, 27. 

Denominationalism ; 29, 71. 

Deputations; 76, 133, 134, 
135. 

Diocesan Board of Religious 
Education; 129, 138, 
172. 

Diocese; 59, 74, 104, 123, 
126, 133, 144, 146, 173, 
176. 

Discussion groups; 19, 56, 
111, 119. 

Dormitories; 3, 18, 40, 44, 
54, 117, 124, 126, 150. 

Dramatics; 51, 62. 

Eastern Orthodox Chris- 
tians; 153, 157, 158, 
159. 

Eddy, Sherwood; 141. 

Entertaining students ; 19, 
20, 25, 106, 112, 119, 
164. 

Equipment, essentials of ; 
126, 127. 

Evangelistic campaigns; 46, 
140, 141, 142, 143. 

Exhibits; 59. 

Faculty; 9, 15, 18, 19, 20,' 
30, 38. 49, 55, 70, 82, 
ix, 120, 121, 122, 133, 
154, 160, 163, 182. 

Fellowships; 175, 180. 

Financial campaigns ; 145, 
146, 147, 181. 



Foreign students; 135, xiii. 
Forums; 57. 
Fraternity, Church; 26. 
Fraternities; 15, 20, 26, 30, 

54, 124, 125, 126, 134, 

141, 143. 
Freshmen, work with; 13, 

14, 106, 124. 
Function of a church in a 

college community; 117, 

118. 

Gardiner, Robert H.; 6, 71. 

General Board of Religious 
Education; 6, 7, 8, 43, 
57, 61, 74, 91, 103, 121, 
122, 129, 135, 136, 137, 
138, 139, 145, 146, 147, 
148, 174, 175, 181, 194. 

General Convention; 6. 

Girls' Friendly Society; 23. 

Goodwin, Deaconess H. R.; 
6. 

Graduates, of Church col- 
leges; 169. 
Value of college, to 
Church work; 60, 131, 
132. 

Guidance, spiritual; 4, 76, 
83, 85, 107, 115, 116, 
117. 
Vocational; 12, 63, viii, 
132. 

Harvard University; 2, 8. 
Heroic, appeal to the ; 69, 

88, 95, 103. 
Hobart College; 123, 171, 

182. 
Hymns; 37, 42, 43. 



216 



Index 



Tllinois, University of; 25, 

108, 122. 
Institutes; 67, 95, 96, 182. 
Intensive study courses; 57. 
Intercessions; 42, 43, 71, 97, 

136. 
Interdenominationalism ; 32, 

34, 71, 92, 194, 198. 
Internationalism; 67, 153, 

191. 
Interviews; 45, 87, 94, 99, 

111, 134, 135, 136, 139, 

141. 
Intervisitation of coUege 

Chureli organizations ; 

143. 

Joint Commission on Social 
Service; 7, 8, 59, 75, 77, 
79, 89. 

Kansas, University of; 25. 
Kelly, Rev. Herbert; S. S. 

M.; 30, 34. 
Kenyon College; 123, 170, 

171, 172, 182. 
Kilbourne, Rev. Stanley, S.; 

6. 

Laity, priesthood of the; 42. 

League of Nations; 67. 

Lectures; 4, 15, 40, 55, 58, 
59, 60, 82, 104, 111, 113, 
114, 115, 133, 137, 160. 

Lehigh University; 169. 

Lent; 10, 66. 

Letters announcing coming 
of students; 128, 129. 
From home parish to stu- 
dents; 130. 



Of transfer; 41, 131, 157. 
Pastoral, of Bishop to his 

students; 138. 
To students, prior to ar- 
rival at college; 14. 
Library, college; 58, 59. 

Parish; 58, 127. 
Lists, Church students; 13, 
14, 23, 24, 128, 132, 138. 
Clergy in college com- 
munities; 129. 
Faculty Churchmen; 116. 
Litanies; 42, 43. 
Liturgical forms; 36, 42, 52, 

62. 
Lloyd, Rt. Rev. Arthur S.; 
11. 

Meditations; 42, 43, 44. 

Meetings; 10, 11, 12, ii, 27, 
28, 40, 42, 43, 46, 67, 96, 
110, 119, 125, 126, 140, 
141, 142, 150, 182, 183. 

Mercer, E. C. ("Ted") ; 131. 

Micou, Rev. Paul; 6. 

Ministry; 63, 84, 87, 88, 94, 
95, 97, 141, 148, 175, 
177, 180. 

Mission; 46, 97, 136, 137, 
143. 

Mission study classes; 53, 
56, 66, 98, 111, 178, 183. 

Missionaries; 4, 63, 64, 84, 
87, 97, 98, 99, 101, 134, 
135, 140, 141, 157, 161, 
179. 
See also "Church, exten- 
sion and missionary 
work of". 



217 



The Church at Work in College and Universit}) 



Missionary Education Move- 
ment; 65, 67, 88. 
Giving; 11, 68. 
Modem, movements; 3, 5. 

Missions, Board of ( q. v. ) • 

Missouri, University of; 61. 

Mott, John R; 30, 32, 64, 
141, 191, 201. 

Municipal colleges or uni- 
versities; 2, 18, 44. 

National Student Council ; 
9, 10, 11, 29, 60, 69, 116, 
122, 136, 143, 144, 154, 
155, 182, 184, 187, 188, 
189, 190. 
Minimum programme; 8, 
9, 10, 11, 17, 29, 60, 184. 
Origin; 8, 9. 

New England Student Con- 
ference; 6. 

Normal Schools; 2, 3. 
Work; 54, 62, 91. 

North Carolina, University 
of; 8, 23. 

North Dakota, University 
of; 8, 61. 

Northwestern University; 
25. 

Oregon, University of; 61. 

Organizations of Church 
students; 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 
13, 18, iii, 40, 45, 55, 
75, 108, 110, 119, 140, 
150, 154, 160, 182, 184. 

Pageants; 62, 74. 
Pamphlets; 58, 64, 87, 94. 
Parish: Boards of Religious 
Education; U3, 114. 



Executive or business 

manager; 93. 
From which students go 

to college; 46, xi, 138. 
House; 18, 40, 59, 126, 

127. 
In a college community; 
16, 18, 21, 24, 31, 37, 39, 
45, 66, 68, 72, 77, 82, 
104, 115, X. 
Paper; 74, 130. 
Small; 72, 117, 127. 
Visitor; 28, 91, 119, 120, 
123. 
Parker, Rt. Rev. E. M. ; 158. 

Parochialism; 133. 
Pennsylvania, University of ; 

2, 26, 152, 168, 199. 
Personal work; 11, 45, 73, 
74, 107, 115, 127, 132, 
136, 158. 
Philanthropy, schools of or 

courses in; 89, 179. 
Picnics; 20. 
Prayer; 11, 44. 

Circles for; 36, 136. 
Princeton University; 2, 8, 

27. 
Professional schools; 2, 3, 

44, 180. 
Professors; see "faculty". 
Protestantism; 33, 34, 153. 
Provinces; 9, 59, 74, 104, 
140, 143, 144, 145, 146, 
172. 
Publicity and advertising ; 
16, 74, 93, 110, 136, 181, 
182. 



Racine College; 171, 182. 



218 



Index 



Reading courses; 58, 70, 

113, 115. 

Room in parish house; 59, 
127. 

Reception to Church stu- 
dents; 15, 27, 126, 139, 
150, 159. 

Reconstruction; 43, 79, 81, 
82, 90, 95, 96. 

Recruiting for altruistic 
callings; 85, 88, see also 
"ministry" and "mis- 
sionaries". 

Rectory; 126. 

Religion, defense of; 45, 
105, 110, 127, 130, 137, 
167. 
Expression of, in a Church 
college; 182, 183. 

Religious, comparative; 102, 
178. 
Non-Christian; 98, 165. 

Religious education; 1, 4, 
10, 11, 19, 25, 40, 42, 
45, V, 73, 74, 91, 113, 

114, 128, 140, 160, 177. 
Life, the; 88, 89, 96, 97, 

134. 
Spirit of a university; 1, 

29, 30, 31, 41, 104, 110, 

118, 129. 
Retreats; 44, 57, 97. 
Robins, Raymond; 141. 
Roseboro, Rev. Francis, B.; 

39. 
Round table conferences ; 

57, 66, 71. 
Rutgers College; 2. 



Sacraments; 1, 37, 38, 115, 

119, 158. 
St. Hilda's Guild; 24, 27. 
St. Paul's Society; 24. 
St. Stephen's College; 123, 

171, 172, 173, 176. 
Scholarships, diocesan; 173. 
Parish; 175, 176. 
University; 146, 147, 148. 
Secretary, the rector's; 74, 

91, 92. 
Sermons; 4, 41, 52, 58, 77, 
82, 86, 94, 119, i20, 128, 
141, 181. 
Service, Church; 10, 11, 25, 
37, vii, 97, 119. 
Education for; 79, 80, 81, 

82. 
Missionary; 97. 
Social or community; see 
"social". 
Services, Church; 10, 15, 
16, 27, 40, 55, 68, 72, 
109, 122, 123, 124, 125, 
150, 158, 174, 182, 183. 
College; 36, 40. 
Evensong; 43. 
Informal; 42, 136. 
Special; 42, 71. 
Silence, Services of; 42. 
Social conditions, needs, 
problems, etc.; 43, 47, 
53, 76, 77, 78, 80, 179. 
Life of students; ii, 163. 
Service; 5, 10, 11, 25, vii, 
89, 90, 93, 97, 104, 140, 
182. 
Study; 53, 56, vii. 
Surveys; 74, 76, 78. 



219 



The Church at Work in College and University 



Work with students; 18, 
62, 107, 109, 126. 

Social-religious workers; 91, 
92, 148, 179. 

Sororities; 20, 54, 124, 125. 

South Dakota, University 
of; 74. 

Spiritual nurture; 4, 76, 83, 
85, 107, 115, 116, 117, 
127. 

Speakers; 67, 133, 136, 137. 
Professors as; 55, 110, 

111. 
Students as; 68, 73. 
Foreign students as; 161, 

Statistics; 3, 69, 100, 120, 
123, 191, 192, 193, 194. 

Stewardship; 86, 93. 

Stone, Rev. Morton C; 48, 
56, 61. 

Student congregation of the 
Bishop; 129, 137, 138. 

Student Friendship War 
Fund; 69. 

Student Volunteer Bands ; 
65, 98. 

Student Volunteer Move- 
ment; 5, 53, 64, 65, 68, 
98, 100, 193. 

Sunday school; 23, 26, 47, 
53, 54, 66, 68, 73, 74, 
91, 105, 114, 122, 128, 
161, 176, 178, 179. 

Sunday School Council of 
Evangelical Denomina- 
tions; 53. 

Syracuse University; 25. 



Teaching of a professor; 

4, 104, 105, 106, 110, 

111, 115. 
Texas, University of; 61. 
Theological seminaries ; 5, 

97, 101, 179. 
Trinity College; 124, 171, 

175. 
Tulane University; 8. 

Undenominationalism ; 32, 

33, 34, 93, 142. 
United War Work Cam- 
paign; 69. 
Unity, Christian; 33, 43, vi, 

117. 
University of the South; 

124, 170, 171, 173, 174, 

179, 182. 
University pastors; 95, 120. 
Annual Conference of ; 

195. 
Ushers in church; 73. 109, 

165. 

Vacation; 46, 72, 108, 116, 

130. 
Vestry; 25, 59, 104, 122. 
Virginia Military Institute; 

25. 
Virginia, University of; 23, 

122. 
Visits, see "calls". 
Vocational guidance, see 

"guidance". 
Voluntary study courses ; 

50, 52, 82, 182. 



Teachers' College, Columbia ; War, the European ; 66, 
27, 91, 148. 90, 92, 98, 148, 191. 



220 



Index 



Washington and Lee Uni- 
versity; 2, 55. 

Washington, University of; 
26. 

Wellesley College; 27. 

Wells College; 25. 

William and Mary College; 
2, 169. 

Winthrop College; 26. 

Wisconsin, University of ; 
25, 48. 

Woman's Auxiliary; 24, 68, 
73. 

Women students, special ref- 
erences to; 6, 28, 47, 86, 
89, 90, 92, 107, 108, 119, 
120, 124, 125, 152, 160. 



World's Student Christian 
Federation; 32, 191. 

Worship; 1, 2, 10, 15, 18, 
33, iv, 42, 44, 76, 126, 
140, 183. 

Yale University ; 2, 25. 

Young Men's and Young 
Women's Christian As- 
sociations; 3, 13, 16, 26, 
29, 30, 32, 33, 36, 40, 42, 
44, 46, 50, 52, 53, 54, 56, 
65, 69, 70, 71, 76, 77, 82, 
84, 88, 91, 95, 121, 123, 
135, 141, 142, 143, 151, 
152, 159, 191, 192, 193. 



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